Chapter 2 From Notes

Question 1

The filament is made of

Answer 1

coiled tungsten wire

Question 2

Focusing Cup is made of

Answer 2

Molybdenum or Nickle

Question 3

Anode is made of

Answer 3

(90%) Tungsten, (10%) Rhenium, embedded with Molybdenum and Graphite

Question 4

In order to help xrays exit tube the anode is

Answer 4

beveled/angled

Question 5

Why is Tungsten efficient at producing xrays?

Answer 5

High melting point

Atomic number 74

Question 6

In Mammography what comprises 97% of the target

Answer 6

Molybdenum

Question 7

Another purpose of anode is to ________________ away from tube so tube is not damaged

Answer 7

Dissipate Heat

Question 8

The physical area that is bombarded by electrons during x-ray production

Answer 8

AFS

Actual Focal Spot

Question 9

Tube housing is lined with ______ for additional shielding from leakage

Answer 9

Lead

Question 10

The 1% x-ray beam is comprised of

Answer 10

Brehms and Characteristic

Question 11

Brems above 70kVp

Answer 11

85-90% of primary beam

Question 12

Brems below 70kVp

Answer 12

100% of beam

Question 13

Projectile electrons interact with electrons from K or inner shell of atoms on anode

Answer 13

Production of Characteristic Radiation

Question 14

Is Characteristic radiation produced below 70kV?

Answer 14

N0

Question 15

above 70kV the amount of the primary beam that is characteristic is

Answer 15

10-15%

Question 16

X-ray energy measured in

Answer 16

kiloelectron volts or kEv

Question 17

The xray beam is heterogeneous or polyenergetic

Answer 17

emission spectrum

Question 18

Positive pressure switch in fluro

Answer 18

Deadman’s Switch

Question 19

Filament current operates at _______amps & about _______volts

Answer 19

3-5amps and about 6-12volts

Question 20

Frequency and wavelength are _________ proportional

Answer 20

Inversely

Question 21

Electron cloud in front of filament

Answer 21

Space charge

Question 22

Tendency of space charge to not allowed more electrons to be boiled off. Focusing cup forces __________ to stay together.

Answer 22

Space Charge Effect

Question 23

Flow of electrons from cathode to anode displays on mA meter when exposure takes place

Answer 23

Tube Current

Question 24

Controls patients dose.

Answer 24

mA

Question 25

Controls grey scale

Answer 25

kV

Question 26

Long scale, low contrast, more colors, decreased patient dose, wide latitude, increased scatter

Answer 26

High kV

Question 27

Increases volts and decreases amps to produce kilovoltage

Answer 27

Step-up transformer

Question 28

The types of transformers

Answer 28

1. Single phase 2. Three phase 3. High frequency

Question 29

Decreased ripple effect=

Answer 29

Increased efficiency

Question 30

"More fifty shades of grey"=

Answer 30

Great penetration

Question 31

Used to measure tube current or number of electrons flowing per unit time between cathode and anode

Answer 31

Milliamperage

Question 32

Density=

Answer 32

receptor exposure

Question 33

Determines length of time that x-ray tube produces x-rays

Answer 33

Exposure time

Question 34

Exposure time X mA=

Answer 34

mAs

Question 35

Measured directly under anode targer

Answer 35

EFS | Effective Focal Spot

Question 36

Large FS can withstand heat produced by large exposures

Answer 36

100 mAs

Question 37

Small FS gives what?

Answer 37

Better image quality/Detail

Question 38

**The SMALLER the anode angle, the smaller the _______________**

Answer 38

EFS | Effective Focal Spot

Question 39

**The PROJECTED of EFS is ____________ than the AFS

Answer 39

SMALLER

Question 40

Too high of an mAs with too small of a FS. | Affects detail and spatial resolution

Answer 40

BLOOMING

Question 41

XRays are stronger on which side of tube?

Answer 41

Cathode

Question 42

Put thickest part of anatomy at what side of tube?

Answer 42

Cathode | **FAT-CAT**

Question 43

Three things to enhance Anode Heel Effect

Answer 43

1. Steep/small anode angle 2. Short SID 3. Long IR

Question 44

Filtering removes what kind of wavelengths?

Answer 44

Maximum

Question 45

Inherent=

Answer 45

Glass envelope Oil Mirror