Chapter 2 - Genes and Prenatal Development IP

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid. The molecule that contains the chemical instructions for cells to manufacture various proteins.
p43

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

One of the 46 molecules of DNA (in 23 pairs) that each cell of the human body contains and that, together, contain all the genes. Other species have more or fewer chromosomes.
p43

Question 3

Gamete

Answer 3

A reproductive cell; that is, a sperm or an ovum that can produce a new individual if it combines with a gamete from the other sex to form a zygote.
p43

Question 4

Zygote

Answer 4

The single cell that is formed from the fusing of two gametes, a sperm and ovum.
p44

Question 5

Genes

Answer 5

A section of a chromosome and the basic unit for the transmission of heredity, consisting of a string of chemicals that are instructions for the cell to manufacture of certain proteins.

p44

Question 6

Genotype

Answer 6

An organism’s entire genetic inheritance, or genetic potential.

p44

Question 7

Phenotype

Answer 7

The observable characteristics of a person, including appearance, personality, intelligence, and all other traits.
p44

Question 8

Allele

Answer 8

Any of the possible forms in which a gene for a particular trait can occur.
p45

Question 9

Genome

Answer 9

The full set of genes that are the instructions to make an individual member of a certain species.
p45

Question 10

Monozygotic Twins

Answer 10

Twins who originate from one zygote that splits

Question 11

Dyzygotic Twins

Answer 11

Twins who are formed when two separate ova are fertilized by two separate sperm at roughly the same time. (Also called fraternal twins.)

Question 12

XX

Answer 12

23rd chromosome pair that consists of two X-shaped chromosomes, one each from the mother and the father. XX zygotes become females.
p47

Question 13

XY

Answer 13

The 23rd chromosome pair that consists of an X-shaped chromosome from the mother and a Y-shaped chromosome from the father. XY zygotes become males.

Question 14

Polygenic

Answer 14

c

Question 15

Multifactorial

Answer 15

c

Question 16

Regulator Genes

Answer 16

c

Question 17

Additive Genes

Answer 17

S

Question 18

Dominate-Recessive Pattern

Answer 18

c

Question 19

Carrier

Answer 19

c

Question 20

Heritability

Answer 20

c

Question 21

Down syndrome

Answer 21

c

Question 22

Fragile X Syndrome

Answer 22

c

Question 23

Genetic Counseling

Answer 23

c

Question 24

Phenylketonuria

Answer 24

c

Question 25

Germinal Period

Answer 25

c

Question 26

Embryonic Period

Answer 26

c

Question 27

Fetal Period

Answer 27

c

Question 28

Placenta

Answer 28

c

Question 29

Implantation

Answer 29

c

Question 30

Embryo

Answer 30

c

Question 31

Sonogram

Answer 31

c

Question 32

Age of Viability

Answer 32

c

Question 33

Apgar Scale

Answer 33

c

Question 34

Doula

Answer 34

c

Question 35

Cesarean Section

Answer 35

C-section

Question 36

Low Birthweight

Answer 36

LBW

Question 37

Very Low Birthweight VLBW

Answer 37

A body weight at birth of less than 3 pounds, 5 ounces (1500 grams). p

p67

Question 38

Preterm

Answer 38

A birth that occurs 3 or more weeks before the full 38 weeks of the typical pregnancy have elapsed - that is, at 35 or fewer weeks after conception.

Question 39

Small for Gestational Age SGA

Answer 39

SGA

Question 40

Kangaroo Care

Answer 40

A child-care technique in which the mother of a low-birthweight infant holds the baby between her breasts, like a kangaroo that carries her immature newborn in a pouch on her abdomen.

p69

Question 41

Postpartum Depression

Answer 41

c

Question 42

Parent Infant Bond

Answer 42

c

Question 43

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Answer 43

FAS

Question 44

Teratogens

Answer 44

c

Question 45

Threshold Effect

Answer 45

A situation in which a certain teratogen is relatively harmless in small doses but becomes harmful once exposure reaches a certain level (the threshold).
p76

Ex: bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical compound used to make clear plastic.

Question 46

1. The critical factor in determining the sex of a zygote is which sperm reaches the ovum first. What are some other contributing factors?

Answer 46

c

Question 47

2. Briefly describe differentiation.

Answer 47

c

Question 48

3. Give a general description of the embryonic period.

Answer 48

c

Question 49

What are the factors involved in determining the extent of risk of a teratogen?

Answer 49

c