Chapter 2 Hormones Flashcards
(22 cards)
What hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary?
Oxytocin and Antidiuretic hormone
Pineal Gland?
- Melatonin
- N/A
- regulates sleep patterns
Thyroid gland?
- thyroxine
- most cells
- increases metabolism
Parathyroid gland?
- parathyroid hormone
- bone and kidneys
- increases blood calcium
Pancreas?
1) -Insulin
- most cells
- increases glucose uptake
2) -Glucugon
- liver, fat storage cells
- breakdown of glycogen
Testes?
- testosterone
- most cells
- development of male sex characteristics
Ovaries?
1) -progesterone
- uterus, mammary glands
- prepares mammary glands for milk production, regulates menstrual cycle
2) -oestrogen
- most cells
- development of female characteristics, regulates menstrual cycle
Adrenal cortex?
1) -cortisol
- most cells
- moderates stress levels, encourages tissue repair, increases metabolism
2) -aldosterone
- kidneys
- increase sodium absorption, increase potassium secretion
Adrenal medulla?
- epinephrine, noraepenephrine
- most cells
- fight or flight response, compliments SNS
Thymus gland?
- thynosin
- lymphocytes
- immune response
Growth Hormone?
- most cells
- growth and protein synthesis
Prolactin?
- mammory glands
- milk production
TSH?
- thyroid
- release of thyroxine
ACTH?
- adrenal cortex
- release of hormones from adrenal cortex(aldosterone, cortisol)
FSH?
- ovaries, testes
- stimulates follicle growth and sperm production
LH?
- ovaries, testes
- ovulation and maintenance of corpus luteum, stimulates release of testosterone
Oxytocin?
- mammary glands, uterus
- secretion of milk, contraction of uterus
Antidiuretic hormone?
- kidneys
- water absorbtion
What six hormones do the anterior pituitary gland secrete?
Growth Hormone, Prolactin, Thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH, Adrenocorticotrophic hormone(ACTH), Follicle Stimulating hormone(FSH), Lutinising Hormone(LH)
What are the five steps of direct gene activation?
1) Steroid Hormone diffuses through the plasma membrane of target cells.
2) Hormone enters the nucleus or cytoplasm
3) Hormone binds to specific protein within the nucleus or cytoplasm, resulting in a hormone-receptor complex
4) Complex binds to specific sites on the cell’s DNA
5) This activates genes that results in the synthesis of new proteins(protein synthesis)
What hormone and protein is commonly used in the second-messenger system?
Epinephrine and G-Protein
What are the five steps of the second-messenger system?
1) Amine Hormone binds to membrane receptor(first messenger)
2) This causes a conformational change which activates a protein
3) The Protein diffuses through the cytoplasm to bind with a membrane-bound protein(primary effector)
4) This then changes ATP into cAMP(secondary messenger)
5) The cAMP can then bind to a secondary effector to activate it
