Chapter 2 - How the Web Works

Question 1

internet

Answer 1

an international network of connected computers

Question 2

protocols

Answer 2

standardized methods for transferring data or documents over a network

Question 3

web (the World Wide Web; www)

Answer 3

one of the ways information can be shared over the internet

Question 4

hypertext

Answer 4

links

Question 5

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Answer 5

a protocol used by the web

Question 6

servers

Answer 6

the computer software located on the computers that make up the internet - software allows the computer to communicate with other computers

Question 7

HTTP servers

Answer 7

web servers

Question 8

open source

Answer 8

freely available software - developed as a collaborate effort with the intent to make its source code available to other programmers for use and modification

Question 9

IP address (internet protocol)

Answer 9

a unique number assigned to each computer and device connected to the internet

Question 10

Domain Name System (DNS)

Answer 10

a system to allow us to refer to a server by its domain name

Question 11

domain name

Answer 11

the “blank”.com that makes up a websites main address

Question 12

DNS server

Answer 12

a “phonebook” of IP addresses and domain names

Question 13

intranets

Answer 13

special web-based networks that function like ordinary websites, but use special security devices to prevent the outside world from seeing them

Question 14

firewalls

Answer 14

security device to block outside users from intranets

Question 15

extranet

Answer 15

allows access to select users outside of the organization

Question 16

client

Answer 16

the software that requests information from the server

Question 17

user agent

Answer 17

web browser

Question 18

client-side (frontend)

Answer 18

applications run on the user’s machine

Question 19

server-side (backend)

Answer 19

applications and functions that use the processing power of the server computer

Question 20

rendering engine (browser engine, layout engine)

Answer 20

the program that is responsible for converting HTML and CSS into what you see rendered on the screen

Question 21

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

Answer 21

a special address assigned to each and every page and resource on the web

Question 22

Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)

Answer 22

a more generic and technically accurate term used instead of URL. URL is one type of a URI.

Question 23

Uniform Resource Name(space) (URN)

Answer 23

another type of URI that identifies the resource by name or namespace

Question 24

the three components of a URL

Answer 24

protocol, name of site, absolute path

Question 25

two parts of the name of site

Answer 25

hostname, domain name

Question 26

two parts of the absolute path

Answer 26

directory path, document

Question 27

protocol

Answer 27

the first piece of a URL - defines the protocol that will be used for the transaction (HTTP, HTTPS)

Question 28

hostname

Answer 28

usually www, but not always required

Question 29

subdomains

Answer 29

when there are more than one websites at a domain

Question 30

directory path

Answer 30

made up of directory names separated by slashes

Question 31

document

Answer 31

the web page document name found on the server

Question 32

https vs http

Answer 32

the s stands for secure, meaning that this protocol encrypts form information when it is sent between the user's client and the server

Question 33

index file

Answer 33

the name of the default file

Question 34

three parts of the anatomy of a web page

Answer 34

HTML document, style sheet, graphic

Question 35

source document

Answer 35

the text file behind the scenes

Question 36

tags

Answer 36

describe each element on the page in HTML

Question 37

HyperText Markup Language (HTML)

Answer 37

markup language used by web pages

Question 38

empty elements

Answer 38

elements that do not have content

Question 39

parses

Answer 39

putting together, displaying

Question 40

presentation

Answer 40

visual style instructions

Question 41

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

Answer 41

allow designers to add visual style instructions

Question 42

structure

Answer 42

the marked-up text

Question 43

static websites

Answer 43

consist of HTML files with fixed content that display the same information to every visitor

Question 44

dynamic websites

Answer 44

generated with backend programming such as PHP or ASP, each page is generated by the application on the fly with access to content and data from a database, with final pages customized for each user

Question 45

HTTP header

Answer 45

an HTTP response that includes information about the file and its Content-Type

Question 46

HTTP Status Code: 200

Answer 46

OK

Question 47

HTTP Status Code: 301

Answer 47

Moved Permanently

Question 48

HTTP Status Code: 302

Answer 48

Moved Temporarily

Question 49

HTTP Status Code: 404

Answer 49

Not Found

Question 50

HTTP Status Code: 410

Answer 50

Gone (no longer available)

Question 51

HTTP Status Code: 500

Answer 51

Internal Server Error

Question 52

five steps to displaying a web page

Answer 52

1. type in a URL or click a link in the browser 2. The browser sends an HTTP request 3. The server looks for or assembles the file and responds with an HTTP response 4. The browser parses the document. If it has images, style sheets, and scripts, the browser contacts the server again for each resource. 5. The page is assembled in the browser window.

Question 53

Let’s play a round of “Identify That Acronym!”: HTML

Answer 53

The markup language used to describe web content.

Question 54

Let’s play a round of “Identify That Acronym!”: W3C

Answer 54

The organization that monitors web technologies.

Question 55

Let’s play a round of “Identify That Acronym!”: CERN

Answer 55

Particle physics lab where the web was born

Question 56

Let’s play a round of “Identify That Acronym!”: CSS

Answer 56

The language used to instruct how web content looks.

Question 57

Let’s play a round of “Identify That Acronym!”: HTTP

Answer 57

Protocol for transferring web documents on the internet.

Question 58

Let’s play a round of “Identify That Acronym!”: IP

Answer 58

Internet Protocol

Question 59

Let’s play a round of “Identify That Acronym!”: URL

Answer 59

The location of a web document or resource.

Question 60

Let’s play a round of “Identify That Acronym!”: NCSA

Answer 60

Home of Mosaic, the first graphical browser

Question 61

Let’s play a round of “Identify That Acronym!”: DNS

Answer 61

Matches domain names with numeric IP addresses.

Question 62

Let’s play a round of “Identify That Acronym!”: FTP

Answer 62

e