Chapter 2 Human Anatomy

Question 1

Define chemistry

Answer 1

study of matter and its reactions

Question 2

Define matter

Answer 2

has mass and volume

Question 3

Define mass

Answer 3

measure of matter

Question 4

Define volume

Answer 4

amount of space occupied

Question 5

Are mass and weight the same

Answer 5

No, weight depends on gravity

Question 6

Define element

Answer 6

simplest form of matter that has unique properties

Question 7

How many naturally occurring elements does earth have

Answer 7

92

Question 8

Define mixture

Answer 8

2 or more substances physically combined

Question 9

What makes up 95% of the human body

Answer 9

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen

Question 10

Define chemical bonds

Answer 10

attractions of atoms

Question 11

Define nucleus

Answer 11

central positively charged area

Question 12

Describe the subatomic particles in the nucleus

Answer 12

protons: +, in the nucleus
neutrons: neutral, in the nucleus
electrons: -, outside the nucleus

Question 13

Define atomic number

Answer 13

number of protons

Question 14

Define atomic weight

Answer 14

protons + neutrons

Question 15

Define valence

Answer 15

outermost electrons

Question 16

How many electrons do elements want in their outer layer

Answer 16

8

Question 17

Define ions

Answer 17

charged atoms

Question 18

Define ionic bond

Answer 18

transfer of electrons

Question 19

Define covalent bond

Answer 19

sharing of electrons

Question 20

Define polar

Answer 20

charged

Question 21

Define hydrogen bond

Answer 21

positive hydrogen attracts to negative oxygen

Question 22

True or False: Hydrogen bonds give water most of its properties

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Define isotopes

Answer 23

same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 24

Define unstable

Answer 24

breaks down

Question 25

Describe tracers

Answer 25

can be used to treat cancer

Question 26

Define molecule

Answer 26

2 or more atoms bond

Question 27

whats the difference between molecular formula and structural formula

Answer 27

m- gives formula | s- gives where its located

Question 28

define chemical reactions

Answer 28

changes composition

Question 29

List the types of chemical reactions

Answer 29

synthesis decomposition exchange reaction reversible

Question 30

Define catalyst

Answer 30

speeds up chemical reactions

Question 31

Define electrolytes

Answer 31

ions

Question 32

What does the pH scale do

Answer 32

measures hydrogen ion concentration

Question 33

Describe the pH scale

Answer 33

0-6.9: acidic 7- neutral 7.1-14 - basic

Question 34

Define organic and inorganic

Answer 34

o- contain carbon | i- doesn't contain carbon

Question 35

Define water

Answer 35

most abundant compound in living materials

Question 36

how much of your body is made up of water

Answer 36

60-80%

Question 37

Define solvent

Answer 37

dissolves other substances

Question 38

define solute

Answer 38

substance that is dissoved

Question 39

Waht do we need oxygen for

Answer 39

burn fuel

Question 40

what do we need carbon dioxide for

Answer 40

waste

Question 41

what do we need salts for

Answer 41

form ions

Question 42

Give 2 facts about carbohydrates

Answer 42

provide energy | help build cell structures

Question 43

True or False: carbs consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Answer 43

True

Question 44

What is the ratio of carbon hydrogen and oxygen

Answer 44

1:2:1

Question 45

What are monosaccharides

Answer 45

simple sugars

Question 46

What are disaccharides

Answer 46

double sugars

Question 47

what are polysaccharides

Answer 47

many sugars

Question 48

Give 2 facts about lipids

Answer 48

made of 3 chains | building blocks

Question 49

Define saturated

Answer 49

all single bonds

Question 50

Define unsaturated

Answer 50

double bonds

Question 51

Give an example of a steroid

Answer 51

hormones

Question 52

Give 2 facts about proteins

Answer 52

energy sources | many functions

Question 53

What do enzymes do

Answer 53

speed up reactions

Question 54

How many different kinds of amino acids are there

Answer 54

20

Question 55

Give 2 facts about nucleic acids

Answer 55

form genes | has two types

Question 56

List the two types of nucleic acids

Answer 56

DNA | RNA

Question 57

Define ATP

Answer 57

energy molecule

Question 58

Define proin

Answer 58

protein that can assume a dozen or more different conformations

Question 59

Give an example of a proin

Answer 59

mad cow disease