Chapter 2 Human Body In Health & Disease Flashcards
(75 cards)
1
Q
Adip/o
A
Fat
2
Q
Anter/o
A
Before, front
3
Q
Caud/o
A
Lower part of body, tail
4
Q
Cephal/o
A
Head
5
Q
Cyt/o, -cyte
A
Cell
6
Q
End-, endo-
A
In, within, inside
7
Q
Exo-
A
Out of, outside, away from
8
Q
Hist/o, histi/o
A
Tissue
9
Q
-ologist
A
Specialist
10
Q
-ology
A
The science or study of
11
Q
Path/o, -pathy
A
Disease, suffering, feeling, emotion
12
Q
Plas/i, plas/o, -plasia
A
Development, growth, formation
13
Q
Poster/o
A
Behind, toward the back
14
Q
-stasis, -static
A
Control, maintenance of a constant level
15
Q
Aden/o
A
Gland
16
Q
anatomy
A
the study of the structures of the body
17
Q
physiology
A
the study of the functions of the structures of the body
18
Q
sagittal plane
A
a vertical plane that divides the body into unequal left and right portions
19
Q
midsagittal plane
A
divides the body into equal left and right halves
aka midline
20
Q
frontal plane
A
vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
aka coronal plane
21
Q
transverse plane
A
a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions
can be at waist or any other level across the body
22
Q
ventral
A
refers to the front or belly side of the organ or body
23
Q
dorsal
A
refers to the back of the organ or body
24
Q
anterior
A
situated in the front, on the front or forward part of an organ
25
posterior
situated in the back, back part of an organ
26
superior
uppermost, above, or toward the head
27
inferior
lowermost, below, or toward the feet
28
cephalic
means toward the head
29
caudal
towards the lower part of the body
30
proximal
situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure
31
distal
situated farthest from the midline or beginning of body structure
32
medial
the direction toward, nearer, the midline
33
lateral
the direction toward or nearer the side of the body, away from the midline
34
dorsal cavity
located along the back of the body and head, contains organs of the nervous system that coordinate body functions and is divided into two portions; cranial and spinal
35
ventral cavity
located along the front of the body, contains the body organs that sustain homeostasis
36
homeostasis
process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment
37
inguinal
relating to the groin, refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen
38
peritoneum
a multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity
39
parietal peritoneum (pah-rye-eh-tal)
the outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall
40
mesentery
fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall
41
visceral peritoneum
the inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity
42
retroperitoneal
located behind the peritoneum
| kidneys is retroperitoneal, one on each side of spinal column
43
cytoplasm
the material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus
44
adult stem cells
undifferentiated cells found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ
aka somatic stem cells
45
genome
the complete set of genetic information of an organism
46
chromosomes
the genetic structures located within the nucleus of each cell
47
somatic cell
any cell in the body except the gametes (sex cells)
48
hemophilia
group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing
49
phenylketonuria (fen-il-kee-toh-new-ree-ah)
genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing
aka PKU
50
Tay-Sachs disease
fatal genetic disorder in which harmful quantities of a fatty substance buildup in tissues and nerve cells in the brain
51
epithelial tissues
a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body
52
epithelium
specialized epithelial tissues that forms the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous membranes
53
endothelium
specialized epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands and organs
54
dense connective tissue
bones, cartilage form the joints and framework of the body
55
loose connective tissue
surrounds various organs and supports both nerve cells and blood vessels
56
liquid connective tissue
blood and lymph, transport nutrients and waste products throughout the body
57
aplasia
the defective development or the congenital absence of an organ or tissue
58
hypoplasia
the incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells
59
anaplasia
change in the structure of the cells and in their orientation to each other
60
dysplasia
the abnormal development of growth of cells, tissues, or organs
61
hyperplasia
the enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues
62
hypertrophy
general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number of cells in the tissues
63
exocrine glands
secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body
64
endocrine glands
produce hormones
65
carcin
cancer
66
-oma
tumor
67
-trophy
development
68
endemic
refers to the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area
"common cold"
69
epidemic
a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area
"measles"
70
pandemic
refers to an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide
"HIV"
71
functional disorder
produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified
"panic attack"
72
iatrogenic illness
unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment
| "radiation burns"
73
idiopathic disorder
an illness without known cause
74
organic disorder
produces symptoms cause by detectable physical changes in the body
"chickenpox"
75
congenital disorder
an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth
