Chapter 2: Inside The Restless Earth

Question 1

A naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals or organic matter

Answer 1

Rock

Question 2

The series of processes in which rock forms, changes from one type to another, is destroyed, and forms again by geologic processes.

Answer 2

Rock cycle

Question 3

The process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another

Answer 3

Erosion

Question 4

The process in which material is laid down

Answer 4

Deposition

Question 5

The chemical makeup of a rock; describes either the minerals or other materials in the rock

Answer 5

Composition

Question 6

The quality of a rock that is based on the sizes, shapes, and positions of the rocks grains

Answer 6

Texture

Question 7

Rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath earths surface

Answer 7

Intrusive igneous rock

Question 8

Rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of lava at earths surface

Answer 8

Extrusive igneous rock

Question 9

Layers of rock

Answer 9

Strata

Question 10

The process in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers

Answer 10

Stratification

Question 11

Describes the texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are arranged in planes or bonds

Answer 11

Foliated

Question 12

Describes the texture of metamorphic rock in which mineral grains are not arranged in planes or bands

Answer 12

Nonfoliated

Question 13

The rising of regions of the earth’s crust to higher elevations

Answer 13

Uplift

Question 14

Made of fragments of rocks cemented together by a mineral such as calcite or quartz

Answer 14

Classic sedimentary rock

Question 15

Forms from solution of dissolved minerals and water.

Answer 15

Chemical sedimentary rock

Question 16

Forms from the remains, or fossils, of animals that once lived in the ocean

Answer 16

Organic sedimentary rock

Question 17

One way rock can undergo metamorphism is by being heated by nearby magma

Answer 17

Contact metamorphism

Question 18

When pressure builds up in rock that is buried deep below other rock formations or when large pieces of the earth’s crust collide with each other

Answer 18

Regional metamorphism

Question 19

Certain geological processes make and destroy rock. These processes shape the features of our planet. These processes also influence the type of rock that is found in a certain area of earth’s surface.

Answer 19

Processes that shape the earth

Question 20

Based on texture and composition

Answer 20

Rock classification

Question 21

Igneous rock begins as magma. There are three ways magma can form: when rock is heated, when pressure is released, or when rock changed composition

Answer 21

Origins of igneous rock

Question 22

1. The light colored rocks are rich in elements such as aluminum, potassium, and sodium. (These rocks are called Felsic rock)
2. The dark colored rocks are rich in calcium, iron, magnesium, and poor in silicon. ( these rocks are called Mafic rocks)

Answer 22

Composition and texture of igneous rock

Question 23

Are located above and below the surface of earth

Answer 23

Igneous rock formations

Question 24

Wind, water, ice, sunlight, and gravity all cause rock yo physically weather into fragments. Through the process of erosion, these rock and mineral fragments, called sediment, are moved from e place to another.

Answer 24

Origins of sedimentary rock

Question 25

Classic sedimentary rock forms when rock or mineral fragments, called clasts, are cemented together. Chemical sedimentary rock forms when minerals crystallize out of solution, such as seawater, to become rock. Organic sedimentary rock forms from the remains of one-living plants and animals.

Answer 25

Composition of sedimentary rock

Question 26

Many features can tell you about the way sedimentary rock formed. The most important feature of sedimentary rock is stratification

Answer 26

Sedimentary rock structures

Question 27

The texture or mineral composition of a rock can change. If the temperature or pressure of the new environment is different from the one in which the rock formed, the rock will undergo metamorphism

Answer 27

Origins of metamorphic rock

Question 28

Metamorphism occurs when temperature and pressure inside the earth’s change. Minerals that were present in the rock when it formed may not be stable in the new temperature and pressure conditions

Answer 28

Composition of metamorphic rock

Question 29

All metamorphic rock has one of two textures-foliated or nonfoliated

Answer 29

Textures of metamorphic rock

Question 30

Like igneous and sedimentary rock, metamorphic rock also has features that tell you about its history. In metamorphic rocks, these features are caused by deformation

Answer 30

Metamorphic rock structures