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Clinical Microscopy > Chapter 2: Introduction to Urinalysis > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Introduction to Urinalysis Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Urine Composition: Percent of Water

A

95 to 97 %

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2
Q

Urine Composition: Percent of Solid

A

3 to 5 % : 60 grams in 24 hours

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3
Q

Major organic component of urine

A

UREA

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4
Q

How many grams of organic substance in urine Composition

A

35 grams

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5
Q

How many grams of INORGANIC substance in urine Composition?

A

25 grams

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6
Q

Major INORGANIC substance component of urine

A

Chloride

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7
Q

Normal range of urine volume

A

600 to 2000 mL

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8
Q

Average of Urine Volume

A

1200 to 1500 mL per day

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9
Q

Night:Day ratio of urine volune

A

1:2 to 1:3

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10
Q

Increased urine volume

A

Polyuria

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11
Q

Polyuria produce _ mL urine per day

A

> 2000 (Henry) >2500 (Strasinger)

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12
Q

Major Causes of Polyuria

A
  • Increased fluid Intake
  • Diuretics
  • Diabetes Millitus
  • Diabetes Insipidus
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13
Q

is caused by a defect of either pancreatic production of insulin or in the function of insulin which results increased of glucose concentration

A

Diabetes Mellitus

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14
Q

results in the decrease in the production or function of ADH

A

Diabetes insipidus

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15
Q

Decrease urine volume

A

Oliguria

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16
Q

Oliguria is the production of __ mL of urine per day

A

<500 mL (Henrys)
<400 mL (Strasinger)

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17
Q

Causes of Oliguria

A
  1. Dehydration
  2. Renal Calculi or Tumor
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18
Q

Complete cessation of urine

A

Anuria

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19
Q

Anuria is the production of __ mL urine per day

A

<100 mL

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20
Q

Causes of Anuria

A
  1. Complete Obstruction (stones, carcinomas)
  2. Toxic Agents
  3. Decreased Renal blood flow
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21
Q

Excretion of more than 500 mL of urine at night

A

Nocturia

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22
Q

Cause of Nocturia

A

Pregnancy

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23
Q

SG of urine to an individual having nocturia

24
Q

Recommended Capacity of urine containers

25
Volume required for UA
10 to 15 mL Average: 12 mL
26
Containers for microbiological studies
Sterile Containers
27
All urine specimens must be labeled with
1. Patients name and identification number 2. Date and time of collection 3. Health care providers name
28
For routine and qualitative urinalysis and can be collected any time
Random Specimen
29
Ideal specimen for routine UA and pregnancy test
First morning specimen
30
Specimen for Evaluation of orthostatic Proteinuria
First Morning specimen
31
Second morning Specimen is aka
Fasting Specimen
32
2nd voided urine after a period of fasting
Second Morning/ Fasting Specimen
33
Specimen for glucose determination
Second Morning/ Fasting Specimen
34
Specimen for monitoring/screening for diabetic patients
2 hour postprandial
35
Optional with blood samples in glucose tolerance test
Glucose tolerance
36
Series of blood and urine samples are collected at specific time intervals to compare the concentration of a substance in urine with its concentration in the blood Use in the Diagnosis of Diabetes
Fractional Specimen
37
Four routine screening and bacterial culture
Midstream Clean-Catch Specimen
38
Specimen For bacterial culture
Catheterized Specimen
39
Bladder urine for anaerobic bacterial culture and urine cytology
Suprapubic Aspiration
40
Specimen for prostatic infection
Three-Glass Technique
41
Prostatic infection is when the no. of WBC and bacteria in 3rd specimen is ___ X greater than the 1st
10
42
For Addis count
12-hour urine
43
For nitrite determination
4-hour urine
44
For urobilinogen determination
Afternoon (2 pm to 4 pm)
45
Urine preservatives for routine urinalysis and routine culture
Refrigeration
46
Urine preservative that preserve glucose and sediments well
Thymol
47
Urine preservative that preserve protein and formed elements
Boric Acid
48
Preservative for Addis count
Formalin
49
Prevent glycolysis and a good preservative for drug analysis
Sodium Fluoride
50
Preserves cellular elements and good for cytology studies
Saccomano Fixative
51
These increased in unpreserved urine
PH, Bacteria, Odor, Nitrite
52
Process that provides documentation of proper sample identification from the tike of collection to the receipt of laboratory results
Chain of Custody
53
Required urine volume for chain of custody
30 to 45 mL
54
Required container for chain of custody
60 mL capacity
55
Temp for chain of custody
32.5 to 37.3

Clinical Microscopy (3 decks)

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