Chapter 2 - Knowing Oneself Flashcards
(44 cards)
1
Q
- is the time when young people start to ask questions about themselves, about their future, and even about their religious and political beliefs
- the young person grapples with his or her identity
A
Adolescence
2
Q
- is the first step in personal development
A
To know oneself
3
Q
- It is believed that the words ___ ____ which were written at the entry of the oracle at Delphi by a group made up of 7 Greek philosophers, statesmen, and lawgivers, eventually became the cornerstone of Western philosophy
A
Know Thyself
4
Q
- he said that it seems ridiculous for him to investigate other unimportant things when he has not known his self yet
- for him the most important thing to pursue was self-knowledge
A
Socrates
5
Q
- is the beginning of true knowledge according to Socrates
A
admitting one’s ignorance
6
Q
- student of Socrates, for him the essence of knowledge is self-knowledge
A
Plato
7
Q
- ancient Hindi writings
- confirmed, “Enquiry into the truth of the ‘self’ is knowledge.”
A
Upanishads
8
Q
- Persian poet
- ruminated, “Who am I in the midst of all this thought traffic?
A
Rumi
9
Q
- American poet
- celebrated his “self” as “simple, separate person”
A
Walt Whitman
10
Q
- it is the being, which is the source of a person’s consciousness
- the agent responsible for an individual’s thought and actions
- is an intangible entity that directs a person’s thoughts and actions
- outside the physical realm of the person
- the cognitive and affective representation of one’s identity, it is then described in terms of human characteristics such as behavior and thought
A
Self
11
Q
- in this context, “self” is the essence of a person: his thoughts, feelings and actions, experiences, beliefs, values, principles, and relationships
A
In Psychology
12
Q
- in this context, “self” includes a person’s life purpose, meaning, aspirations, and one’s relationship with a higher being
A
In Religion
13
Q
- in this context, “self” is defined by the roles we take when we relate with others, such as being your parents’ child, being a classmate, a friend, or a teammate
A
In Sociology
14
Q
- the set of behaviors, feelings, thoughts, and motives that identifies an individual
- usually described in behavioral terms that are observable and measurable
- refers to the unique and relatively enduring set of behaviors, feelings, thoughts, and motives that characterize an individual
- a complex combination of genes, environmental exposure, and experiences, and cultural backgrounds
- comprises traits, motives, thoughts, self-concept, and feelings
A
Personality
15
Q
2 Key Characteristics of Personality
A
- the uniqueness of an individual’s thought, feelings, and behavior
- being relatively enduring, or being consistent, over different situation sand over time
16
Q
- is more likely to mean most of the time but not all the time
A
Consistency
17
Q
- he defines personality as a pattern of habits, attitudes, and traits that determines an individual’s characteristics, behavior, and traits
A
Gordon Allport
18
Q
- heredity or genetic makeup
- there is no single gene that creates a trait
A
Nature
19
Q
- environment
A
Nurture
20
Q
2 examples of cross-cultural traits
A
- Agreeableness
2. Openness to experiences
21
Q
- exhibit strong “interpersonal relatedness”
A
Asians
22
Q
- look at their behavior and its impact on their personal goals
A
Westerners
23
Q
- is an approach in identifying types of personalities based on certain traits or attributes, which vary from one person to the other
- was developed over the past 60 years
A
Trait Theory
24
Q
- started the trait theory in 1949
A
D. W. Fiske
25
later pursuers of the trait theory (6)
1. Norman (1967)
2. Smith (1967)
3. Goldberg (1981)
4. McCrae and Costa (1987)
5. K. Cherry (2018)
6. John, Naumann, and Soto (2008)
26
- 2 psychologists who developed a categorized scheme that described personality
- they discovered the existence of five universal and widely agreed-upon dimensions of personality called the Big Five or Five-Factor Model (OCEAN)
Costa and McCrae (1996)
27
OCEAN
1. openness to experience
2. conscientiousness
3. extraversion
4. agreeableness
5. neuroticism
28
- self you aspire to be
Ideal self
29
- "you"
Actual self
30
- own thoughts, beliefs, and other mental states
Self-knowledge
31
- curious, interested to new ideas; imaginative and creative
Openness to experience
32
- planning, organizing, hardworking, controlling, persevering and punctual
Conscientiousness
33
- sociable, talkative, active, outgoing, and fun-loving
Extraversion
34
- friendly, warm, trusting, generous, and kind-hearted
Agreeableness
35
- calm, relaxed, and comfortable
Neuroticism
36
- is a disposition to behave consistently in a particular way
Personality trait
37
Tests to measure personality (3)
1. Rorschach Inkblot Test
2. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
3. Keirsey Temperament Sorter
38
- popular personality test
- based on 4 preferences of individuals
- developed by Katherine Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers
- produces 16 types of combinations of personality types
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
39
2 developers of MBTI
1. Katherine Briggs
| 2. Isabel Briggs Myers
40
4 preferenced of individuals in MBTI
1. Extraversion or Introversion
2. Sensing or Intuition
3. Thinking or Feeling
4. Judgment or Perception
41
- how an individual prefers to channel his or her energy when dealing with people, whether inward or outward
Extraversion or Introversion
42
- how one prefers to process information, whether through the use of senses such as being able to describe what one sees, or intuitively like dealing with others
Sensing or Intuition
43
- how an individual prefers to make decisions, either thinking or using logic and analysis, or feeling which uses the cognitive senses based on value or beliefs
Thinking or Feeling
44
- how an individual prefers to manage one's life, whether through judging, which means a planned and organized life, versus perception, which has a more flexible approach to living
Judgment or Perception
