Chapter 2 Lecture

Question 1

2.1 Contrast the location of the central and peripheral nervous system

Question 2

2.2 Describe the structures of a neuron, including their general function.

Question 3

2.3 Differentiate functions of supporting cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems

Question 4

2.4 Describe the features and importance of the blood-brain barrier

Question 5

2.5 Explain neural communication in withdrawal reflexes

Question 6

2.6 Contrast resting potential, hyperpolarization, depolarization, and the action potential in neurons.

Question 7

2.7 Summarize the contributions of diffusion, electrostatic force, and the sodium-potassium pump toward establishing membrane potential.

Question 8

2.8 Summarize the series of ion movements during the action potential

Question 9

2.9 Describe the propagation of action potential

Question 10

2.10 Describe the structures and functions of presynaptic cells that involved in synaptic communication

Question 11

2.11 Describe neurotransmitter receptors

Question 12

2.12 Contrast ionotropic and metabotropic receptors

Question 13

2.13 Compare the functions of EPSPs and IPSP in postsynaptic cells

Question 14

2.14 Explain how postsynaptic potentials are terminated

Question 15

2.15 Summarize the process of neural integration of EPSPs and IPSPs

Question 16

2.16 Differentiate between the locations and functions of autoreceptors and postsynaptic receptors

Question 17

2.17 Identify the function of axoaxonic synapses

Question 18

2.18 Describe examples of non-synaptic communication

Question 19

What is a multipolar neuron?

Answer 19

“It has multiple dendritic trees”

Question 20

What is the soma

Answer 20

cell body- where the dna is located

Question 21

Dendrites

Answer 21

A branched, treelike structure attached to the soma of a neuron; receives information from the terminal buttons of other neurons.

Question 22

axon

Answer 22

The long, thin, cylindrical structure that conveys information from the soma to its terminal buttons

Question 23

Myelin

Answer 23

A sheath that surrounds axons and insulates them, preventing messages from spreading between adjacent axons.
-It allows messages to travel faster along the axon

Question 24

Terminal(axon Terminal) Buttons

Answer 24

this is where we transmit the signal

Question 25

Neurotransmitter

Answer 25

A chemical that is released by the terminal button; has an excitatory or inhibitory effect on another neuron.

Question 26

axoplasmic transport

Answer 26

An active process by which substances are propelled along microtubules that run the length of the axon.

Question 27

what are the three types of neurons

Answer 27

multipolar, bipolar, & monopolar

Question 28

what is a bipolar neuron?

Answer 28

it only has ONE dendritic tree

Question 29

what is a monopolar neuron?

Answer 29

has two divided axons

Question 30

glial cells

Answer 30

the glue cells. “these cells have been neglected”

Question 31

astrocytes

Answer 31

a glial cell that provides “PHYSICAL” support for neurons of the central nervous system, provides nutrients and other substances, and regulates the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid.
-support: (1) hold the neuron in place (2) hold the blood vessel in place
-clean-up: Phagocytosis - completely engulf dead neurons and digesting them. *sometimes they end up staying in place after they engulf another dead neuron- it looks like scar tissue on a mri
-Chemical composition & regulation (for example: help converting glucose
-nourishment- growth factors

Question 32

Microglia

Answer 32

the smallest of glial cells; they act as phagocytes and protect the brain from invading microorganisms