Chapter 2- Matter and Change

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 2

Mass

Answer 2

quantity of matter, fixed amount

Question 3

weight

Answer 3

effect of gravity on matter- changes with location

Question 4

law of conservation of mass

Answer 4

matter can not be created or destroyed in an ordinary chemical reaction

Question 5

energy

Answer 5

the ability to cause change or do work

Question 6

kinetic

Answer 6

energy of motion

Question 7

potential

Answer 7

stored energy

Question 8

law of conservation of energy

Answer 8

energy can be converted from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed in an ordinary chemical reaction

Question 9

plasma

Answer 9

gas at extremely high temperature (1x10^8) where electrons separate from the nucleus

Question 10

properties

Answer 10

characteristics that enable us to distinguish one kind of matter from another

Question 11

physical property

Answer 11

properties that can be observed without changing the identity of the material

Question 12

intensive property

Answer 12

physical property that does not depend on the amount (color, temp, boiling pt)

Question 13

extensive property

Answer 13

physical property that depends on the amount (size, weight, mass, volume)

Question 14

chemical property

Answer 14

a property that can be observed when changing a substance into a new
substance ex. burning, exploding, tarnishing, rusting

Question 15

physical change

Answer 15

change in a substance which doesn’t change the substance into something new.
Ex. cutting, grinding, melting

Question 16

chemical change

Answer 16

a process where one or more substances are converted into other substances with different characteristics

Question 17

precipitate

Answer 17

formation of a solid when mixing two liquids

Question 18

exothermic

Answer 18

releases heat

Question 19

endothermic

Answer 19

absorbs heat

Question 20

pure substance

Answer 20

homogeneous sample of matter that always has the same composition

Question 21

element

Answer 21

substance that cannot be broken
down by ordinary chemical change
ex- gold, copper, zinc

Question 22

molecule

Answer 22

The smallest particle of an element
or compound that can exist on its own.

***Usually, molecules are assumed to be compounds but some elements can exist as atoms, some elements can exist only as molecules

Question 23

compound

Answer 23

substance that can be decomposed
into 2 or more substances by chemical change
example – water, sugar, carbon dioxide

Question 24

mixture

Answer 24

combination of two or more kinds of matter, but each
retains its own properties

Question 25

homogeneous

Answer 25

uniform distribution example – salt water, air (solutions with really small particles)

Question 26

Heterogeneous

Answer 26

competition is uniform where samples are different example – salad, vegetable soup

Question 27

Suspension

Answer 27

larger particles that settle out and show the tyndall effect

Question 28

Colloids

Answer 28

medium sized particles that do not settle out and do show the Tyndall Effect

Question 29

Emulsion

Answer 29

a liquid/ liquid colloid

Question 30

Constant composition

Answer 30

When every particle in a substance is exactly the same. Elements and compounds have constant composition. The word homogeneous can also be used to describe elements and compounds since every sample is the same. The terms homogeneous and constant composition are NOT synonyms.

Question 31

filtration

Answer 31

A process that separates a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture.

Question 32

Distillation

Answer 32

The process that separates a liquid out of a liquid-liquid mixture by boiling the mixture to produce a vapor that is then condensed back into a liquid