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Earth Science > Chapter 2 - Matter, Forces, and Energy > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Matter, Forces, and Energy Flashcards

1
Q

Secular scientists believe ______ _______ explains the shapes and arrangements of galaxies in space.

A

dark matter

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2
Q

Matter is defined as anything that

A

occupies space and has mass.

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3
Q

The two main types of matter are

A

pure substances and mixtures

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4
Q

The states of matter depend on a substance’s properties and

A

temperature

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5
Q

A force is

A

a push or pull

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6
Q

The force of _______ is very important in earth science.

A

gravity

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7
Q

A force acting on an object as it moves through a distance is called

A

work

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8
Q

The ability to do work is called

A

energy

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9
Q

_________ is never created or destroyed, it only changes form.

A

Energy

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10
Q

Atoms are made of

A

protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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11
Q

When an atom contains unequal numbers of electrons and protons, the atom is a charged particle called a(n)

A

ion

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12
Q

The two types of pure substances are

A

elements and compounds

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13
Q

Elements are made of only one kind of

A

atom

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14
Q

Compounds are made of two or more different

A

elements

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15
Q

Matter may undergo what types of changes?

A

physical, chemical, and nuclear

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16
Q

A change in matter that doesn’t alter its chemical identity.

A

physical change

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17
Q

The change from one pure substance to another by the rearrangement of atoms in a chemical reaction.

A

chemical changes

18
Q

A change of one element into another element by changes occurring in the nucleus of the atom; can occur when atoms emit or absorb rays or particles; can also occur in nuclear reactions when atoms split apart through fission or join together through fusion.

A

nuclear changes

19
Q

A material made of only one kind of element or compound; not a mixture.

A

pure substance

20
Q

A physical combination of two or more substances - can be separated by physical means.

A

mixture

21
Q

Sweetened tea would be an example of a

A

mixture

22
Q

A fluid state of matter in which the particles are free to move but are held close to each other; a substances that has an unchanging volume but a changeable shape.

A

liquid

23
Q

A rigid state of matter in which the particles align in a fixed arrangement; a substance that has an unchanging shape and volume.

A

solid

24
Q

A fluid state of matter in which the particles move so fast and are so far apart as to have little interaction with each other; have both a changeable shape and volume.

A

gas

25
Q

A fluid state of matter made of extremely high-temperature ionized particles; have both a changeable shape and volume.

A

plasma

26
Q

The change in state from a solid directly to a gas caused by energy; the opposite of deposition.

A

sublimation

27
Q

The change in state from a gas directly to a solid caused by removing energy; opposite of sublimation.

A

deposition

28
Q

A contact force that acts to squeeze or crush an object or substance.

A

compression

29
Q

Particles that are always present in the nucleus, and have a relatively large masse and a single positive charge.

A

protons

30
Q

Slightly more massive than protons with no electrical charge.

A

neutrons

31
Q

Particles around the nucleus and carries a single negative charge.

A

electrons

32
Q

The change of state from a solid to a liquid at the melting point that is caused by adding energy; opposite of freezing.

A

melting

33
Q

The change in state from a liquid to a solid caused by removing energy; opposite of melting.

A

freezing

34
Q

The change in state from a liquid to a gas caused by adding energy; opposite of condesation.

A

vaporization

35
Q

The change in state from a liquid to a gas at the boiling point; occurs when the pressure in the liquid exceeds the atmospheric pressure.

A

boiling

36
Q

The change of state from a liquid to a gas below the boiling point but above the freezing point; occurs when particles near the surface of the liquid gain sufficient energy to escape the liquid.

A

evaporation

37
Q

The change in state from a gas to a liquid caused by removing energy; occurs at the dew point and is the opposite of vaporization.

A

condensation

38
Q

The change in state from a solid directly to a gas caused by adding energy; opposite of deposition.

A

sublimation

39
Q

The change in state from a gas directly to a solid caused by removing energy; opposite of sublimation.

A

deposition (change of state)

40
Q

Scientific law that states that matter and energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can only transfer between objects or transform to a different form.

A

first law of thermodynamics

Earth Science (6 decks)

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