Chapter 2- Matter,Forces, Energy

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 2

Pure substance

Answer 2

materials made of one kind of particle

Question 3

Mixture

Answer 3

Physical combinations of two or more substances

Question 4

State of matter

Answer 4

solid, liquid, gas, plasma

Question 5

Temperature

Answer 5

the hotness or coldness of an object or substance

Question 6

Solid

Answer 6

has a constant volume and the attraction between particles is greater than its ability to move away

Question 7

Liquid

Answer 7

particles can move around, but are still close together; doesn’t have a fixed shape, but the volume is constant

Question 8

Gas

Answer 8

particles are far apart and move very fast; doesn’t have a fixed shape or constant volume

Question 9

Plasma

Answer 9

similar to gas particles but they function so fast they become electrically charged

Question 10

Melting

Answer 10

particles warm; vibrate and the attraction can no longer hold them in a fixed position (S-L)

Question 11

Freezing

Answer 11

particles slow down until their attraction locks them into fixed positions (L-S)

Question 12

Vaporization

Answer 12

change from a liquid to a vapor

Question 13

Boiling

Answer 13

VAPORIZATION: liquid heats; particles move fast; exert pressure; form bubbles

Question 14

Evaporation

Answer 14

VAPORIZATION: below the boiling point; particles bump into each other and escape the liquid.

Question 15

Condensation

Answer 15

vapor cools; particles slow; lose energy to overcome the attractive forces; vapor particles clump; forms droplets

Question 16

Sublimation

Answer 16

Solid——-Vapor (DIRECTLY)

Question 17

Deposition

Answer 17

Vapor——–Solid (DIRECTLY)

Question 18

Mass

Answer 18

The amount of matter in an object; measure doesn’t vary

Question 19

Weight

Answer 19

gravitational attraction for an object’s mass; measure varies

Question 20

Volume

Answer 20

the space something occupies

Question 21

Force

Answer 21

a push or pull in directions

Question 22

Work

Answer 22

force that acts on an object as it moves through a distance

Question 23

Gravity

Answer 23

gives objects weight; acts on every particle

Question 24

Energy

Answer 24

added to or taken from an object when work is done on it by a force

Question 25

First law of thermodynamics

Answer 25

"Matter cannot be created nor destroyed, but only changes from one form to another"

Question 26

Atom

Answer 26

the smallest building block of matter

Question 27

Ion

Answer 27

atoms with fewer or more electrons than protons

Question 28

Element

Answer 28

pure substance made of one kind of atom

Question 29

Compound

Answer 29

atoms of one element bond with atoms from other elements

Question 30

Molecule

Answer 30

formed by the combo of 2 or more atoms

Question 31

Physical change

Answer 31

matter changes to where it doesn't effect the chemical identity

Question 32

Chemical change

Answer 32

a pure substance changes into another substance

Question 33

Nuclear change

Answer 33

atoms emit protons it changes into another element

Question 34

Kinetic Energy

Answer 34

depends on the mass and speed ;changes as the speed changes (its mass can't really change)

Question 35

Potential Energy

Answer 35

a force acting on it gives it the potential to move, depends on mass and distance, the higher the more potential energy

Question 36

Mechanical Energy

Answer 36

energy occurring as a result of the action of physical forces on distinct objects (Kinetic and potetnial)

Question 36

What is the most important field force?

Answer 36

Gravity

Question 37

Atomic number

Answer 37

number of protons in the nuclei

Question 38

Atomic mass

Question 39

How many elements are naturally occurring?

Answer 39

92

Question 40

Compound v. Molecule

Question 41

Thermal Energy

Question 42

Sound Energy

Question 43

Atoms gain or lose electrons to form ________

Answer 43

ions

Question 44

If an atom has 10 electrons and 9 protons....... what is its charge?

Answer 44

-1 charge (fluorine ion)

Question 45

If an atom has 2 electrons and 3 protons....... what is its charge?

Answer 45

+1 charge (lithium ion)

Question 46

Proton

Answer 46

positive charge; large mass

Question 47

Neutron

Answer 47

no charge

Question 48

Electron

Answer 48

negative charge; larger mass