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Chapter 2- Matter,Forces, Energy Flashcards

(49 cards)

1
Q

Matter

A

anything that occupies space and has mass

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2
Q

Pure substance

A

materials made of one kind of particle

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3
Q

Mixture

A

Physical combinations of two or more substances

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4
Q

State of matter

A

solid, liquid, gas, plasma

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5
Q

Temperature

A

the hotness or coldness of an object or substance

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6
Q

Solid

A

has a constant volume and the attraction between particles is greater than its ability to move away

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7
Q

Liquid

A

particles can move around, but are still close together; doesn’t have a fixed shape, but the volume is constant

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8
Q

Gas

A

particles are far apart and move very fast; doesn’t have a fixed shape or constant volume

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9
Q

Plasma

A

similar to gas particles but they function so fast they become electrically charged

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10
Q

Melting

A

particles warm; vibrate and the attraction can no longer hold them in a fixed position (S-L)

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11
Q

Freezing

A

particles slow down until their attraction locks them into fixed positions (L-S)

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12
Q

Vaporization

A

change from a liquid to a vapor

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13
Q

Boiling

A

VAPORIZATION: liquid heats; particles move fast; exert pressure; form bubbles

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14
Q

Evaporation

A

VAPORIZATION: below the boiling point; particles bump into each other and escape the liquid.

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15
Q

Condensation

A

vapor cools; particles slow; lose energy to overcome the attractive forces; vapor particles clump; forms droplets

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16
Q

Sublimation

A

Solid——-Vapor (DIRECTLY)

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17
Q

Deposition

A

Vapor——–Solid (DIRECTLY)

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18
Q

Mass

A

The amount of matter in an object; measure doesn’t vary

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19
Q

Weight

A

gravitational attraction for an object’s mass; measure varies

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20
Q

Volume

A

the space something occupies

21
Q

Force

A

a push or pull in directions

22
Q

Work

A

force that acts on an object as it moves through a distance

23
Q

Gravity

A

gives objects weight; acts on every particle

24
Q

Energy

A

added to or taken from an object when work is done on it by a force

25
First law of thermodynamics
"Matter cannot be created nor destroyed, but only changes from one form to another"
26
Atom
the smallest building block of matter
27
Ion
atoms with fewer or more electrons than protons
28
Element
pure substance made of one kind of atom
29
Compound
atoms of one element bond with atoms from other elements
30
Molecule
formed by the combo of 2 or more atoms
31
Physical change
matter changes to where it doesn't effect the chemical identity
32
Chemical change
a pure substance changes into another substance
33
Nuclear change
atoms emit protons it changes into another element
34
Kinetic Energy
depends on the mass and speed ;changes as the speed changes (its mass can't really change)
35
Potential Energy
a force acting on it gives it the potential to move, depends on mass and distance, the higher the more potential energy
36
Mechanical Energy
energy occurring as a result of the action of physical forces on distinct objects (Kinetic and potetnial)
36
What is the most important field force?
Gravity
37
Atomic number
number of protons in the nuclei
38
Atomic mass
39
How many elements are naturally occurring?
92
40
Compound v. Molecule
41
Thermal Energy
42
Sound Energy
43
Atoms gain or lose electrons to form ________
ions
44
If an atom has 10 electrons and 9 protons....... what is its charge?
-1 charge (fluorine ion)
45
If an atom has 2 electrons and 3 protons....... what is its charge?
+1 charge (lithium ion)
46
Proton
positive charge; large mass
47
Neutron
no charge
48
Electron
negative charge; larger mass