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Medical Microbiology > Chapter 2: Medical Microbiology Review > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Medical Microbiology Review Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Acid-Fast Stain (Zeihl-Neelson)

A

a bacterial staining procedure in which application of acid-alcohol does not cause decolorization, maintaining a dark stain

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2
Q

Aerobic

A

in the presence of oxygen

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3
Q

Anaerobic

A

in the absence of oxygen

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4
Q

Asexual Reproduction

A

without sex; a mode of reproduction in which
offspring arise from a single parent and inherit
the genes of that parent only, making the offspring a genetic copy

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5
Q

Antibiotic

A

a natural or synthetic substance that destroys
microorganisms or inhibits their growth to
prevent or treat infection in plants, animals, and
humans

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6
Q

Bactericidal

A

capable of killing
bacteria

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7
Q

Automated

A

to install automatic procedures

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8
Q

Bacilli

A

a genus of gram-positive, spore forming, often aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria in
the family Bacillaceae that exist singly or in
chains and mostly inhabit soil or water

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9
Q

Bacteriology

A

scientific study of bacteria

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10
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

inhibiting the growth
of bacteria

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11
Q

Broad-Spectrum Drug

A

drug that acts on a wide range of disease-causing bacteria

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12
Q

Binary Fission

A

method of asexual
reproduction in which DNA is replicated and the cell splits into two genetically identical daughter cells

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13
Q

Broth Dilution

A

process of taking a known concentration and doing several serial dilutions to determine the lowest concentration needed to inhibit or kill
bacteria

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14
Q

Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)

A

The fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. A lumbar puncture or spinal tap can be
performed to sample CSF fluid to test for the
presence of microorganisms

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15
Q

Capsule

A

a sheath or continuous enclosure around an
organ or structure

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16
Q

Cocci

A

a bacterial type that is spherical or ovoid

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17
Q

Comparative Research

A

a research methodology in the social sciences
that aims to make comparisons across different countries or cultures

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18
Q

Culture and Sensitivity Test (C&S)

A

a diagnostic lab procedure used to identify the type of bacteria or fungi and to determine which
antimicrobials can successfully fight an infection by collecting urine, blood, or other body fluid and culturing it in a medium and analyzing for antimicrobial susceptibility

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19
Q

Dependent Variable

A

a variable (often denoted by y) whose value depends on that of another; what is being observed in an experiment

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20
Q

Disk Diffusion

A

test that uses antibiotic-impregnated wafers to
test whether particular bacteria are susceptible
to specific antibiotics

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21
Q

Descriptive Research

A

used to describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon being studied. It does not
answer questions about how/when/why the
characteristics occurred

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22
Q

Empiric Therapy

A

use of antimicrobials to treat an infection before
the specific causative organism has been
identified with laboratory tests

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23
Q

Endotoxin

A

a lipopolysaccharide that is part of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria released after the cell’s death

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24
Q

Experimental Research

A

experiment where the researcher manipulates
one variable, and controls/randomizes the rest of the variables

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25
Exotoxin
a poisonous substance produced by certain bacteria
26
Flagella
threadlike structures that provide motility for certain bacteria and protozoa and for spermatozoa
27
Genus
in taxonomy, the classification between the family and the species
28
Glycocalyx
a thin layer of glycoprotein and oligosaccharides on the outer surface of cell membranes that contributes to cell adhesion and forms antigens involved in the recognition of “self”
29
Gram stain
a method of differentiating bacterial species into two large groups (gram-positive and gram-negative) based on chemical and physical properties of their cell wall
30
Health Care-Associated Infections (HAIs)
infections patients get while receiving medical treatment
31
Independent Variable
a variable (often denoted by x) whose variation does not depend on that of another; what is being tested or changed in an experiment
32
Incubation
the interval between exposure to infection and the appearance of the first symptom
33
Infection Control and Prevention
policies and procedures used to minimize the risk of spreading infections, especially in hospitals and human or animal health care facilities
34
Medical Microbiology
a branch of medicine and microbiology that deals with the study of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites that are of medical importance and are capable of causing infectious diseases in human beings
35
Morphology
the science of structure and form of organisms without regard to function
36
Microbiology
the scientific study of microorganisms, that is, of bacteria, fungi, intracellular parasites, protozoans, viruses, and some worms
37
Mycology
the science and study of fungi
38
Narrow-spectrum Drug
effective against specific families of bacteria
39
Normal Flora
mixture of bacteria normally found at specific body sites
40
Pathogenic
productive of disease
41
Parasitology
the study of parasites and parasitism
42
Opportunistic Infections
any infection that results from a defective immune system that cannot defend against pathogens normally found in the environment
43
Resistance
a lack of response of a pathogen to treatment such as antibiotic therapy
44
Science
knowledge about or study of the natural world based on facts learned through experiments and observation
45
Scientific Inquiry
the activities through which individuals develop knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas, as well as an understanding of how scientists study the natural world
46
Scientific Hypothesis
the initial building block in the scientific method. Many describe it as an “educated guess,” based on prior knowledge and observation, as to the cause of a particular phenomenon
47
Serology
the scientific study of fluid components of the blood, especially antigens and antibodies
48
Scientific Theories
a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is acquired through the scientific method and repeatedly tested and confirmed through observation and experimentation
49
Social Ethics
the philosophical or moral principles that, in one way or another, represent the collective experience of people and cultures
50
Species
a category of classification for living organisms; group is just below the genus
51
Spores
cells produced by fungi for reproduction; a resistant cell produced by bacteria to withstand extreme heat or cold or dehydration
52
Spirilla
flagellated aerobic bacteria with an elongated spiral shape, of the genus Spirillum
53
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
infection of the kidneys, ureters, or bladder by microorganisms that either ascend from the urethra or that spread to the kidney from the bloodstream
54
Virology
the study of viruses and viral diseases
55
Virulence
the relative power and degree of pathogenicity possessed by organisms
56
Pathogenic
productive of disease
57
Morphology
the science of structure and form of organisms without regard to function
58
Virulence
the relative power and degree of pathogenicity possessed by organisms
59
Scientific Hypotheses
the initial building block in the scientific method. Many describe it as an “educated guess,” based on prior knowledge and observation, as to the cause of a particular phenomenon
60
Dependent Variables
a variable (often denoted by y) whose value depends on that of another; what is being observed in an experiment
61
Independent Variables
a variable (often denoted by x) whose variation does not depend on that of another; what is being tested or changed in an experiment
62
Mycology
the science and study of fungi
63
Virology
the study of viruses and viral diseases
64
Parasitology
the study of parasites and parasitism
65
Binary Fission
method of asexual reproduction in which DNA is replicated and the cell splits into two genetically identical daughter cells
66
Genus
in taxonomy, the classification between the family and the species
67
Species
a category of classification for living organisms; group is just below the genus
68
Flagella
threadlike structures that provide motility for certain bacteria and protozoa and for spermatozoa
69
Cocci
a bacterial type that is spherical or ovoid
70
Bacilli
a genus of gram-positive, sporeforming, often aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae that exist singly or in chains and mostly inhabit soil or water

Medical Microbiology (3 decks)

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