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Neuro 480: Neuropharmacology > Chapter 2 : Mesocortiocolimbic System > Flashcards

Chapter 2 : Mesocortiocolimbic System Flashcards

1
Q

Eureka

A

the limbic system is about odors and emotions

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2
Q

Rat brain

A

Early 20th century anatomists found that the rat olfactory bulb send axons to the structures of the limbic system. It is those inputs that their limbic system most depends on for emotional response

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3
Q

The ventral midbrain

A

a key hub regulating the functions of the limbic system

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4
Q

The mesocorticolimbic system optimizes behavior by engaging

A

Motivation (survival behaviors )

Learning (prediction error)

Reinforcement (increasing a behavior )

Conditioning

Decision making

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5
Q

Studies in rodents demonstrated that the VTA is composed of

A

Dopaminergic(55-65%), GABAergic(30%), and Glutamatergic neurons (2-3%)

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6
Q

VTA neurons express a variety of receptors, including receptors of;

A

Opioids (kappa, mu and delta)

Cannabinoids (CBs)

Nicotine

Alcohol

Anxiolytic and anti-depressive drugs

these receptors are expressed on the outer surface of the neuronal membrane

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7
Q

The basal activity of VTA dopamine neurons is regulated by the

A

VTA microcircuitry

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8
Q

2 distinct populations of VTA dopaminergic neurons project their axons to different areas of the forebrain

A

The mesolimbic pathway

The mesocortical pathway

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9
Q

The mesolimbic pathway

A

nucleus accumbens
olfactory tubercule
amygdala
hippocampus

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10
Q

The mesocortical pathway

A

medial prefrontal cortex
orbitofrontal cortex
cingulate cortex
lateral habenula

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11
Q

The mesolimbic dopaminergic system

A

known as a major reward related center in the brain

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12
Q

The mesolimbic dopamine system is excited not by BLANK but also by BLANK stressful stimuli

A

Reward

Aversive

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13
Q

The nucleus accumbens is located in the BLANK part of the striatum and is divided into 2 parts BLANK and BLANK

A

ventral

shell and core

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14
Q

90-95% of the neurons in the NAC are BLANK and are called BLANK

A

GABAergic

Medium spine neurons(MSNS)

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15
Q

MSN are divided into 2 major neuronal populations

A

one expressing dopaminergic receptors D1

another population expressing dopaminergic receptors D2

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16
Q

difference between D1 and D2

A

they are both very large proteins and similar but different in terms of structure and amino acid composition

17
Q

Blank and its receptor, BLANk are highly expressed in the MSNs

A

Dynorphin (Dyn)

Kappa-opiod receptor (KOR)

18
Q

subpopulations of MSNs express

A

cannabinoid receptors

19
Q

How many types of dopamine receptors have been found so far in the CNS

A

5

D1, D2, D3, D4, D5

20
Q

BLANK have markedly higher affinity for dopamine than D1 receptor

A

D2 receptor

21
Q

the binding of dopamine to BLANK facilitates avoidance/aversion-related behaviors

A

D2 receptors

22
Q

The release of dopamine and its bindings to BLANK facilitate reward-related behaviors

A

D1 receptors

23
Q

VTA dopaminergiric neurons that project to mPFC are activated during BLANK stimuli

A

aversive

24
Q

The mesocortical pathway

A

mPFC
orbitofrontal cortex
Cingulate cortex
Lateral habenula
Sensory cortex
motor cortex

25
Q

Pyramidal Neurons(glutamatergic neurons)

A

constitute about 75% of all neurons in the PFC

26
Q

inhibitory interneurons

A

molecular classification based on the expression of specific biochemical markers

27
Q

5 main groups of interneurons

A

1.) Parvalbumin, including chandelier and basket cells
2.) Somatosatin, Martinotii cells
3.) Neuropeptide
4.) Vasoactive intestinal peptide
5.) Cholecystokinin

28
Q

VTA -DA neurons projecting into the NAC encode

A

reward responses

29
Q

VTA-DA neurons projecting into the mPFC encode

A

aversive responses

30
Q

The nigrostratial pathway modulates the BLANK and BLANK pathways through activation of BLANK and BLANK receptors, respectively

A

direct and indirect

D1 and D2

31
Q

BLANK is a critical structure of the mesocorticolimbic system and is composed of predominantly by dopaminergic neurons, followed by GABAergic cells

A

VTA

32
Q

VTA-DA projections within the ventral striatum make synapses with

A

MSN-D1 and MSN-D2 neurons

33
Q

Subpopulations of MSN-D1 neurons encode BLANK, while subpopulations MSN-D2 encode BLANK

A

reward

aversion

34
Q

BLANK and BLANK receptors are more commonly expressed pyramidal(glutamatergic ) PFC neurons and VTA-DA projections to mPFC

A

D1 and D2

encode aversion

Neuro 480: Neuropharmacology (7 decks)

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