Chapter 2: Molecules and Solutions Flashcards
(14 cards)
What mass of solute is required to prepare 350 mL of NaOH at 0.75 mol/L?
Mass = mol × molar mass (calculate based on molarity × volume).
What is the molar concentration of water in 100 L aquarium with 2.8 kg NaCl?
Calculate moles of water and volume to find molarity.
What is molarity of 10 L HCl with 0.36 g solute?
Moles = mass/molar mass; molarity = moles/volume.
A student prepared 1250 mL solution with 17.0 g aluminum sulfate. What is molar concentration?
Calculate moles of Al₂(SO₄)₃ then molarity.
How many grams of solute are in 350 mL NH₄OH at 0.65 mol/L?
Mass = mol × molar mass.
Prepare 500 mL sodium nitrate (NaNO₃) solution at 0.40 mol/L. What mass NaNO₃ is required?
Mass = mol × molar mass.
How to determine if bond is ionic or covalent from formula?
Ionic bonds form between metals and non-metals; covalent bonds form between non-metals.
Name these molecules: Na₃P, OCl₂, Al₂S₃, BCl₃, CH₄, C₂S₄, H₂O, K₂S, NH₃, NCl₃.
Sodium phosphide, oxygen dichloride, aluminum sulfide, boron trichloride, methane, dicarbon tetrasulfide, water, potassium sulfide, ammonia, nitrogen trichloride.
Write molecular formulas for Aluminum fluoride, Sodium oxide, Magnesium chloride, Silicon tetrachloride, Potassium oxide, Lithium phosphide, Carbon tetrachloride, Dinitrogen tetrachloride, Chlorine gas, Carbon monoxide, Calcium chloride, Potassium chloride.
AlF₃, Na₂O, MgCl₂, SiCl₄, K₂O, Li₃P, CCl₄, N₂Cl₄, Cl₂, CO, CaCl₂, KCl.
Draw Lewis diagrams for Carbon tetrachloride, Lithium sulphide, Magnesium chloride, Nitrogen trifluoride.
Show shared electron pairs bonding central atom to others, with lone pairs on atoms.
What is a polyatomic ion?
An ion made of two or more atoms bonded that carry a charge.
Write molecular formula and name for molecules from ions K⁺, Mg²⁺, OH⁻, NO₄³⁻, CO₃²⁻.
KOH (potassium hydroxide), Mg(OH)₂ (magnesium hydroxide), NO₄³⁻ (peroxynitrate ion), CO₃²⁻ (carbonate ion).
Does Be₃(NO₃)₂ exist?
No, because Beryllium forms Be²⁺ and nitrates are NO₃⁻, the formula is incorrect.
Write chemical formula for compound between PO₄³⁻ and sodium, calcium, aluminum.
Na₃PO₄, Ca₃(PO₄)₂, AlPO₄.
