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Psycholgy > Chapter 2 Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

The brain not only controls movement and other behavior by sending messages to self to cells throughout the body but it also says messages about the body status on a continuum spaces these messages passed through specialized cells called
Basic unit of the nervous system

A

Neurons

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2
Q

Psychologist who specialize in considering the ways in which the biological structures and functions of the body affect behavior
Their research on the brain and other parts of the nervous system and Hanses our understanding of sensory experiences state of conscience Ness motivation and emotion development through this life span and physical and psychological health.

A

Behavioral neuroscientists

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3
Q

Neurons have a cell what and what

A

Body and nucleus

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4
Q

What does the nucleus do?

A

The Nicholas incorporates the hereditary material that determines how a cell functions

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5
Q

What are neurons physically held in place by

A

Glial cells

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6
Q

Cells that provide nourishment to neurons, insulate them, help repair damage, and generally support and Neural functioning.

A

Glial cells

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7
Q

At one end of neuron cell body is a cluster a branching fibers called
They receive messages from other neurons

A

Dendrites

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8
Q

On the opposite side of the cell body is a long, slender extension called a what
It carries messages received by the dendrites to other neurons

A

Axon

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9
Q

Axons end in small bulges called what

That send messages forward to other neurons

A

Terminal buttons

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10
Q

A protective coating of fat and protein that wraps to ask on like a sausage casing

A

Myelin sheath

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11
Q

The process by which neurons become in case in Mylene sheath, begins before birth and continues into young adults

A

Myelination

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12
Q

Neurons follow what kind of law they are either on or off with nothing in between the on state in the office state. Once there is enough stimulation a neuron fires.

A

All or none law

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13
Q

Before neuron fires that is when it is in a what kind of state it has a negative electrical charge of about -70 mV

A

Resting state

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14
Q

Moves from one end of the axon to the other like a flame traveling along the fuse

A

Action potential

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15
Q

Is the space between two neurons where the accent of the sending neuron communicate with the dendrites of the receiving neuron by using chemical messages

A

Synapse

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16
Q

Chemicals that carry messages to receptor sites on the receiving neuron

A

Neurotransmitters

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17
Q

Ex:(Cool emails). Make it more likely that a receiving neuron will fire and an action potential travel down and ask on and forward the message to other neurons

A

Excitatory messages

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18
Q

(Boring emails). in contrast, do just the opposite, they provide chemical information that prevents or decreases the likelihood that the receiving neuron will fire.

A

Inhibitory messages

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19
Q

A major transmitter that involves movement, attention, and learning. The discovery that certain drugs can’t even have a significant effect on this neurotransmitter released has led to the development affective treatments for a wide variety of physical mental elements. For instants Parkinson’s disease and production disorder marked by muscle tremors and impaired coordination, is caused by a deficiency of this neurotransmitter in the brain. And also the drug that prevents this neurotransmitter from biting to do androids to reduce the symptoms of slide by some people is diagnosed with schizophrenic

A

Dopamine

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20
Q

Is associated with the regulation of sleep eating mood and pain and growing body of research suggests that this girl transmitter also plays a role in such diverse behaviors as alcoholism, depression, does suicide, impulsive Tivitt he, aggression and coping with stress

A

Serotonin

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21
Q

Another class of neurotransmitters are chemicals could produce by the brain that are similar in structure to painkilling drugs such as morphine. The production of this neurotransmitter reflects the Brans effort to deal with pain well is to elevate mood. Example is ultimately resulting in what has been called a runners high it’s the exertion and perhaps the pain involved in the long run may stimulate the production of this. Neurotransmitter

A

Endorphins

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22
Q

Made up of long axons and dendrites, I can change all parts of the nervous system other than the brain and spinal cord

A

Peripheral nervous system

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23
Q

Specializes in the control of voluntary movements in the communication of information to and from the sense organs

A

Somatic division (voluntary)

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24
Q

Concerned with the parts of the body to function in voluntarily without our awareness

A

Autonomic division( involuntary)

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25
Q

Autonomic is split up in 2 divisions

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic division

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26
Q

Acts to prepare the body in stressful emergency situation, mobilizing resources just respond to a threat

A

Sympathetic division

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27
Q

Asked to calm the body after a emergency situation has engaged, provides a means for the body to maintain storage of energy resources

A

Parasympathetic division

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28
Q

Includes the brain and spinal cord

A

Central nervous system

29
Q

A bundle of neurons about the thickness of his pencil, runs from the brain down the length of the back. This is the primary means for transmitting messages between the brain and the rest of the body

A

Spinal cord

30
Q

It’s not perfect we can override the reflect or on purpose example burning hand, not noticing until you bleed there to protect us it’s sometimes ignored

A

Reflex arc

31
Q

White matter neurons

A

Deep down inside neurons

32
Q

Gray matter neurons

A

So small there are no lost in a signal

33
Q

Control of involuntary systems. First part of the brain were signals hit takes care of base emotions

A

Medulla oblongata

34
Q

As signals come towards the brain pons direct the signals to the right nerves

A

Pons

35
Q

First initial learning. Example baby remembers my parents are in children semicircular Canal’s work with adults

A

Cerebellum

36
Q

The part of the brain extending from the Medela through the ponds and made up of a group of nerve cells that can immediately activate other parts of the brain to produce general bodily arousal

A

Reticular formation

37
Q

The part of the brain that controls bodilybalance

A

Cerebellum

38
Q

The part of the brain located in the middle of the central core that I was primarily to rely information about the senses , Send signals to the right place.

A

Thalamus

39
Q

Located just below the Salamis. Helps keep the body’s temperature Constant in monitors the amount of nutrients stored in the cells. Examples are we got a drive for companionship, sex drive and many more drives

A

Hypothalamus

40
Q

Consists of a series of donut shaped structures that include the Amygdala and hippocampus
The limbic system controls a variety of functions relating to emotions in self-preservation such as eating aggression and reproduction

A

Limbic system

41
Q

Memories where we store information. where memory is most vulnerable

A

Hippocampus

42
Q

Last part of the brain that develops

A

Forebrain

43
Q

Referred to as the new brain because of its relatively recent evolution. It consists of a massive deeply folded, rippled, converted tissue. The structure is responsible for the uniquely human ability to think, evaluate, and the May complex judgments indeed the very capabilities that allow you to read the sentence resides in the

A

Cerebral cortex

44
Q

The cortex has four major sections, the four major sections of the cerebellum cortex frontal,parietal, temporal and occipital

A

Lobes

45
Q

The part of the cortex that is largely responsible for the body is voluntary movement

A

Motor area

46
Q

of the brain tissue that corresponds to the different senses, with the degree of sensitivity related to the amount of tissue

A

Sensory area

47
Q

Speech production deals with writing also

A

Brocas area

48
Q

Censored, sensational memory if you smell something that Triggers girls the memory

A

Parietal lobe

49
Q

Visual system example hitting head and seeing stars

A

Occipital lobe

50
Q

All types of memories stored in this lobe

A

Temporal

51
Q

Major regions of the cerebral cortex, sites of higher mental processes, such as that, language, memory and speech

A

Association areas

52
Q

These four sets of gloves are physically separated by deep Grooves called

A

Sulci

53
Q

The ability of the brain to adapt is by adding neurons making new connections between neurons and re-organizing information processing areas

A

Neuroplasticity

54
Q

Symmetrical left and right halves of the brain that control the side of the body opposite to their location

A

Hemispheres

55
Q

The dominance of one hemisphereof the brain and specific functions such as language

A

Lateralization

56
Q

A procedure in which a person learns to control through conscience though internal psychological processes such as blood pressure, heart and respiration rate skin temperature sweating in the construction in particular muscles

A

Biofeedback

57
Q

This brain scanning technique provides detail, three dimensional computer-generated images of brain structures an activity by aiming a powerful magnetic field at the body. It provides detailed images of the functioning of the brain

A

fMRI

58
Q

This scan shows bio chemical activity within the brain at a given moment. They begin with injection of a radioactive but safe liquid into the bloodstream, which carries it to the brain. This technique is to search for brain tumors in people with memory problems

A

PET scan

59
Q

One of the newest brain scanning techniques. By exposing a tiny region of the brain to a strong magnetic field, briefly the straps electrical activity it produces a fax similar to what we are current affairs of the branch were physically cut

A

TMS

60
Q

Neurons I transmit information from the perimeter of the body to the central nervous system they are afferent

A

Sensory neurons

61
Q

Neurons that communicate information from the nervous system to muscles and glands

A

Motor neurons

62
Q

Neurons that connect sensory and motor neurons, caring messages between the two

A

Inter-neurons

63
Q

The part of the nervous system that includes the autonomic’s and somatic the subdivisions, made up of neurons with long axons and dendrites branches out from the spinal cord and brain in reaches the extremities of the body

A

Peripheral nervous system

64
Q

The branch of psychology that 60 identify behavior patterns that are a result of our genetic inheritance from her ancestors

A

Evolutionary psychology

65
Q

The study of effects of hereditary or behavior

A

Behavioral genetics

66
Q

A chemical communication network that sends messages through the bloodstream to all parts of the body

A

Endocrine system

67
Q

Substance produced by Glander tissue and circulated through the body to regulate the functioning or growth of the body

A

Hormone

68
Q

The major component of the endocrine system or master gland, which secretes hormones that control growth and other parts of the endocrine system

A

Pituitary gland

Psycholgy (2 decks)

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