chapter 2: neurobiological and psychopharmalogical theories

Question 1

the gene ______ may be a factor in late-onset Alzheimers

Answer 1

SORLI

Question 2

_________ studies compare rates of certain mental illnesses or traits in identical twins and fraternal twins.

Answer 2

twin

Question 3

_______ studies are used to determine a trait among biological vs adoptive family members

Answer 3

adoption

Question 4

_______ studies compare whether a trait is more common in first degree relatives than among more distant relatives or the general population

Answer 4

family

Question 5

_________ examines the effect of psychosocial stressors on the body’s immune system

Answer 5

psychoimmunology

Question 6

______ is the maximal therapeutic effect a drug can achieve

Answer 6

efficacy

Question 7

the time a drug needs to leave the body completely after discontinuing is about ______ its half life

Answer 7

5 times

Question 8

first generation antipsychotics are potent blockers of ___, ____, and ____

Answer 8

D2
D3
D4

Question 9

_____ ______ antipsychotics are potent blockers of D2, D3, and D4

Answer 9

first generation

Question 10

_______ effects of antipsychotics are due to blocking of D2 receptors

Answer 10

extrapyramidal

Question 11

_________ has the potential to cause post injection delirium/sedation syndrome

Answer 11

zyprexa relprevv

Question 12

zyprexa relprevv has the potential to cause

Answer 12

postinjection delirium/sedation syndrome

Question 13

_____ _____ antipsychotics inhibit the reuptake of seratonin

Answer 13

second generation

Question 14

second generation antipsychotics inhibit the reuptake of seratonin, increasing their effectiveness in the _______ aspect of ________

Answer 14

depressive
schizophrenia

Question 15

third generation antipsychotics stabilize ______ output

Answer 15

dopamine

Question 16

3 extrapyramidal symptoms

Answer 16

-acute dystonia
-pseudoparkinsonism
-akathisia

Question 17

extrapyramidal symptoms can be treated with what type of med

Answer 17

anticholinergic

Question 18

increased levels of _______ ________ seen with neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Answer 18

creatine phosokinase

Question 19

akathisia can be treated with a _____-_____, ___________, or a _________

Answer 19

-beta blocker
-anticholinergic
-benzo

Question 20

neuroleptic malignant syndrome most often occurs in first ____ weeks of therapy, or after an _______ ____ ______

Answer 20

-2
-increase in dosage

Question 21

_______ _______ can be caused by long term use of conventional antipsychotic drugs

Answer 21

tardive dyskinesia

Question 22

is tardive dyskinesia reversible?

Answer 22

no

Question 23

antipsychotics increase blood _______ level

Answer 23

prolactin

Question 24

weight gain more likely with _____ _____ antipsychotics

Answer 24

second generation

Question 25

______ _____ more likely with 2nd generation antipsychotics

Answer 25

weight gain

Question 26

what are these symptoms of? -fever -malaise -ulcerative sore throat -leukopenia

Answer 26

agranulocytosis

Question 27

_______ has the potentially fatal side effect of agranulocytosis

Answer 27

clozapine

Question 28

pts taking clozapine must have weekly ______ drawn for the first ___ months

Answer 28

-WBCs -6

Question 29

after clozapine is discontinued, weekly monitoring of the _____ and _____ is required for ___ weeks

Answer 29

-WBCs and ANC -4 weeks

Question 30

if a pt forgets a dose of antipsychotic meds, he or she can take the missed dose if it is only how late?

Answer 30

3-4 hours

Question 31

antidepressants slowly interact with _____ and ______

Answer 31

norepinephrine seratonin

Question 32

______ are potentially lethal in overdose

Answer 32

MAOIS

Question 33

MAOIS can cause hypertensive crisis if pt eats food containing ______

Answer 33

tyramine

Question 34

_____ can cause hypertensive crisis if pt eats food containing tyramine

Answer 34

MAOIS

Question 35

SSRIs may take _____ to _____ weeks to become effective

Answer 35

2-3

Question 36

cyclic compounds may take ____to _____ weeks to be effective

Answer 36

4-6

Question 37

MAOIs need ____to ____ weeks for effectiveness

Answer 37

2-4

Question 38

________ interfere with enzyme metabolism

Answer 38

MAOIs

Question 39

________ antidepressants block cholinergic receptors

Answer 39

cyclic

Question 40

cyclic antidepressants block _____ receptors

Answer 40

cholinergic

Question 41

these symptoms are caused by what effects? dry mouth constipation urinary hesitancy or retention dry nasal passages blurred near vision

Answer 41

anticholinergic

Question 42

________ and _____ commonly cause headaches

Answer 42

trazadone nefazodone

Question 43

________ can cause seizures at 4x the rate of that of other antidepressants

Answer 43

bupropin

Question 44

if SSRI dose is missed, it can be taken up to ______ hours after missed dose

Answer 44

8

Question 45

_______ produces its effect intracellulary

Answer 45

lithium

Question 46

_______ is the first line agent in treatment of bipolar

Answer 46

lithium

Question 47

___________ ________ can result from taking an MAOI and an SSRI at the same time

Answer 47

seratonin syndrome

Question 48

seratonin syndrome can result from taking an _____ and a ___ at the same time

Answer 48

MAOI SSRI

Question 49

what is the snowball effect when minor seizure activity builds up into more frequent and severe seizures?

Answer 49

kindling process

Question 50

disturbances in _____ system have been implicated in the poorly controlled emotions and impulses seen with psychotic or manic behavior

Answer 50

limbic

Question 51

excessive amounts of ________ have been indicated in several anxiety disorders

Answer 51

norepinephrine

Question 52

some pts w ______ have been shown to have enlarged ventricles on CT

Answer 52

schizophrenia

Question 53

some pts with schizophrenia have been shown to have _____ _____ on CT

Answer 53

enlarged ventricles

Question 54

MRIs show that pts with schizophrenia have as much as 7% reduction in _______ ______

Answer 54

cortical thickness

Question 55

can edema be seen on an MRI?

Answer 55

yes

Question 56

_________ is used for aversion therapy for alcoholism

Answer 56

disulfiram