Chapter 2 (neuroscience)

Question 1

Central Nervous System

Answer 1

Brain and Spinal cord

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 2

the sensory and
motor neurons that connect the central nervous
system (CNS) to the rest of the body

Question 3

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 3

Controls involuntary bodily functions and regulates glands.

Question 4

Somatic nervous system

Answer 4

Controls muscle movement and relays information from ears, eyes and skin to the central nervous system.

Question 5

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 5

Responds to dangerous or stressful situations

Question 6

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 6

responsible for the body’s rest and digestion response when the body is relaxed, resting, or feeding.

Question 7

Cell Body

Answer 7

Life support center of the neuron

Question 8

Dendrites

Answer 8

Branching extensions at the cell body and receives messages from other neurons

Question 9

Axon

Answer 9

Long single extension of a neuron, covered with myelin sheath to insulate and speed up messages through neurons.

Question 10

Terminal Branches

Answer 10

Branched endings of an axon that transmit messages to other neurons.

Question 11

How Neurons
Work/Transmit Information

Answer 11

Neurons function using electro-chemical processes

Question 12

Axonal Transmission

Answer 12

A neural impulse. A brief electrical charge that travels down an axon

Question 13

Synaptic Transmission

Answer 13

occurs when neurotransmitters are released into the synapse

Question 14

All-or-None Response

Answer 14

A strong stimulus can trigger more neurons to fire, and to fire more often, but it does not affect the action potentials strength or speed

Question 15

What happens to the Intensity of an action potential?

Answer 15

remains the same
throughout the length of the axon

Question 16

what’s the tiny gap between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron

Answer 16

synaptic gap

Question 17

Reuptake

Answer 17

Neurotransmitters in the synapse are reabsorbed into the
sending neurons through the process

Question 18

Lock & Key Mechanism

Answer 18

Neurotransmitters bind to the receptors of the receiving neuron

Question 19

Motor Neurons

Answer 19

carry outgoing information from the CNS to muscles and glands

Question 20

Sensory Neurons

Answer 20

carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the CNS

Question 21

Interneurons

Answer 21

Connect the two neurons

Question 22

Neurotransmitters

Answer 22

chemical messengers that your body can’t function without

Question 23

how neurotransmitters work?

Answer 23

relay their messages by traveling between cells and attaching to specific receptors on target cells

Question 24

Techniques to Study the Brain

Answer 24

-Lesioning-destruction of brain tissue.
-Study of brain damage.
-Electroencephalogram (EEG)
-PET Scans
-MRI /fMRI Scans
-Magnetoencephalgraphy (MEG)

Question 25

what are hormones?

Answer 25

chemical substances that act like messenger molecules in the body

Question 26

how do hormones work?

Answer 26

From the blood stream, the hormones communicate with the body by heading towards their target cell to bring about a particular change or effect to that cell.

Question 27

Hindbrain parts

Answer 27

brain stem: cerebellum, medulla, reticular formation, and thalamus

Question 28

Midbrain parts

Answer 28

limbic system: hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus

Question 29

Forebrain parts

Answer 29

cerebral cortex: 4 lobes, frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital

Question 30

Hindbrain function

Answer 30

responsible for automatic survival functions.

Question 31

medulla

Answer 31

controls heartbeat and breathing

Question 32

Cerebellum

Answer 32

helps coordinate voluntary movements and balance

Question 33

Reticular Formation

Answer 33

controls arousal

Question 34

Thalamus

Answer 34

sensory switchboard: directs messages to the sensory areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla.

Question 35

Midbrain function

Answer 35

associated with emotions such as fear, aggression and drives for food and sex

Question 36

hippocampus

Answer 36

involved in the storage of explicit memories.

Question 37

Amygdala

Answer 37

linked to the emotions of fear and anger

Question 38

Hypothalamus

Answer 38

directs several maintenance activities like eating, drinking, body temperature, and control of emotions.

Question 39

Frontal lobe

Answer 39

planning, judgment, speaking, muscle movement- motor cortex

Question 40

Parietal lobe

Answer 40

receives sensory input, touch-sensory cortex

Question 41

Occipital lobe

Answer 41

receives input from visual fields

Question 42

Temporal lobe

Answer 42

receives input from ears and taste, as well as smell

Question 43

Left hemisphere

Answer 43

processes reading, writing, speaking, mathematics, analytical and sequential skills

Question 44

Right Hemisphere

Answer 44

associated with visual perception, music, recognition of emotions and faces, holistic thinking, and creativity

Question 45

corpus callosum

Answer 45

the primary commissural region of the brain consisting of white matter tracts that connect the left and right cerebral hemispheres.