Chapter 2: Nomenclature

Question 1

What is a functional group?

Answer 1

A small collection of atoms in a molecule that determines its chemical reactivity and properties

Question 2

What are the four types of functional groups that contain only C and H?

Answer 2

Alkane, Alkene, Alkyne, Arene (Aromatic compounds).

Question 3

What functional groups contain oxygen?

Answer 3

Alcohol, Ether, Aldehyde, Ketone, Carboxylic Acid, Ester, Anhydride.

Question 4

What functional groups contain nitrogen?

Answer 4

Amine, Amide, Nitrile, Nitro group.

Question 5

What functional groups contain halogens?

Answer 5

Alkyl halide

Question 6

What functional groups contain a carbonyl (C=O) group?

Answer 6

Aldehyde, Ketone, Carboxylic Acid, Ester, Amide, Acid Halide, Anhydride.

Question 7

What functional group is present in CH₃CH₂OH?

Answer 7

Alcohol (-OH)

Question 8

What functional group is present in CH₃COCH₃?

Answer 8

Ketone (C=O in the middle of a chain).

Question 9

What functional group is present in HCOOH?

Answer 9

Carboxylic Acid (-COOH).

Question 10

What functional group is present in CH₃CH₂NH₂?

Answer 10

Amine (-NH₂).

Question 11

What functional group is present in CH₃CH₂COOCH₃?

Answer 11

Ester (-COO-).

Question 12

What functional group is absent in benzene?

Answer 12

Alkene (though benzene has double bonds, they are delocalized in an aromatic ring).

Question 13

What are the four parts of an IUPAC name?

Answer 13

Prefix, Parent, Locant, Suffix.

Question 14

What does the “parent” part of a name indicate?

Answer 14

The longest continuous carbon chain.

Question 15

What does the “prefix” part of a name indicate?

Answer 15

Substituents (e.g., methyl, ethyl, chloro).

Question 16

What does the “locant” indicate?

Answer 16

The position of the functional group or substituent on the carbon chain.

Question 17

What does the “suffix” indicate?

Answer 17

The main functional group in the molecule.

Question 18

What is the suffix for an alkane?

Answer 18

“-ane” (e.g., methane, ethane).

Question 19

What is the suffix for an alkene?

Answer 19

“-ene” (e.g., ethene, propene).

Question 20

What is the suffix for an alkyne?

Answer 20

“-yne” (e.g., ethyne, propyne).

Question 21

What is the suffix for a carboxylic acid?

Answer 21

“-oic acid” (e.g., ethanoic acid).

Question 22

What is the suffix for an ester?

Answer 22

“-oate” (e.g., ethyl ethanoate).

Question 23

What is the parent name for a 7-carbon alkane?

Answer 23

Heptane (C₇H₁₆).

Question 24

What is the parent name for a 5-carbon cycloalkane?

Answer 24

Cyclopentane (C₅H₁₀).

Question 25

What is the correct name for CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃?

Answer 25

Butane.

Question 26

What is the correct name for a four-carbon cyclic alkane?

Answer 26

Cyclobutane.

Question 27

How do you number the carbon chain when naming an alkane?

Answer 27

Start from the end nearest to the first substituent to give the lowest possible numbers.

Question 28

What is an alkyl group?

Answer 28

A group derived from an alkane by removing one hydrogen (e.g., methyl, ethyl).

Question 29

What is the difference between an isopropyl and a sec-butyl group?

Answer 29

Isopropyl (-CH(CH₃)₂) is derived from propane, while sec-butyl (-CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃) is derived from butane.

Question 30

What are the prefixes for halogen substituents?

Answer 30

Fluoro (F), Chloro (Cl), Bromo (Br), Iodo (I).

Question 31

What are the prefixes for ether substituents?

Answer 31

Methoxy (-OCH₃), Ethoxy (-OCH₂CH₃).

Question 32

How do you prioritize functional groups when naming a compound?

Answer 32

The group with the highest priority gets the suffix, and lower-priority groups are written as prefixes.

Question 33

Which functional group has the highest priority in nomenclature?

Answer 33

Carboxylic Acid (-COOH).

Question 34

Which functional groups do not need a locant in their names?

Answer 34

Carboxylic acids, Aldehydes, Amides, Nitriles.

Question 35

How do you number the parent chain when multiple substituents are present?

Answer 35

Number the chain to give the lowest possible numbers to the highest priority functional group.

Question 36

What is the parent name for benzene with a methyl group?

Answer 36

Toluene

Question 37

What is the prefix for a benzene ring acting as a substituent?

Answer 37

Phenyl (C₆H₅-).

Question 38

What is the prefix for a benzyl group (-CH₂C₆H₅)?

Answer 38

Benzyl (Bn-).

Question 39

What are the three types of disubstituted benzene orientations?

Answer 39

Ortho (1,2-), Meta (1,3-), Para (1,4-).

Question 40

How are esters named?

Answer 40

The alkyl group attached to oxygen is named first, followed by the carboxylate name (e.g., ethyl ethanoate).

Question 41

How are amines named?

Answer 41

Alkyl groups attached to nitrogen are named first with an "N-" prefix (e.g., N-methylpropylamine).

Question 42

How are alkynes named?

Answer 42

The suffix "-yne" is used, with numbering indicating the triple bond position (e.g., pent-2-yne).

Question 43

How are cycloalkenes named?

Answer 43

The double bond position is always given the lowest number possible in the ring (e.g., cyclohex-1-ene).