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ISSN - SNS (July 2021) > Chapter 2: Nutrition Fundamentals > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Nutrition Fundamentals Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

What is Energy intake and Energy expenditure?

A

Energy intake is what you eat.

Energy expenditure is what you burn.

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2
Q

What is the function for Micronutrients?

A

To support the function of body process

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3
Q

What do Macronutrients provide?

A

Macronutrients provide Energy, maintain Structure and provide Functional integrity to the body & its system.

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4
Q

What is the Energy (kj/g & kcal) for Carbohydrates?

A

16kj/g & 4 kcal

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5
Q

Carbohydrates is primary for fuel, which 3 in human body that Carbohydrates is providing?

A

Primary for fuel for the brain, body & organ systems.

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6
Q

What are the 3 elements for Carbohydrates?

A

Carbon, Oxgen & Hydrogen

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7
Q

From Monosaccharides, what are the 3 classification from Hexoses?

A

Fruitose, Glucose & Galactose

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8
Q

Which one is under category as Complex Carbohydrates?
A. Monosaccharides
B. Oligosaccharides
C. Polysaccharides

A

C. Polysaccharides

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9
Q

Which 2 are Starch chains?

A

Amylose & Amylopectin

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10
Q

Glucose is also called as?
A. Dextrose
B. Levulose
C. Dextrin

A

A. Dextrose

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11
Q

Which part of our body that stored Glucose?

A

Liver & Muscle

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12
Q

Fruitose is also called as?

A

Levulose / Fruit sugar

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13
Q

What does Galactose + Galactose (combined together) become?

A

Lactose (disacchaarides)

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14
Q

What kind of foods that contain Oligosaccharides?

A

Lentils, Beans, Peas, Cabbage

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15
Q

What does Fruitose + Glucose (combined together) become?
A. Glucose
B. Sucrose
C. Galactose

A

B. Sucrose

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15
Q

What does Fruitose + Glucose (combined together) become?
A. Glucose
B. Sucrose
C. Galactose

A

B. Sucrose

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16
Q

Which 2 in Polysaccharides are located in muscle & other human tissue?

A. Dextrose & Maltose
B. Fruitose & Glucose
C. Glycogen & Glycosaminoglycans

A

C. Glycogen & Glycosaminoglycans

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17
Q

Complex Carbohydrates often refer as?

A

Dietary Starch

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18
Q

What is the benefits of Higher fiber intake?

A

Lower incidents of Diabetes, lower incidents of colorectal cancer and lower incidents of heart disease

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19
Q

What are the 2 categories for Fiber?

A

Water soluble & Water insoluble

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20
Q

What is the roles for Fiber?

A
  1. Gives ‘bulk’ to the digesting food
  2. Prevents reabsorption of the bile acids & bile salt
  3. Support healthy bacteria levels, add as prebiotic
  4. Shorten transit time for food residues the digestive tract
  5. Helps easier bowel movements
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21
Q

Food sources like wheat bran, breads, corn bran, whole grains cereal, seeds, carrots, green beans, berries etc are categorize as Soluble Fiber or Insoluble Fiber?

A

Insoluble Fiber

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22
Q

What is the benefits for Isomaltooligosaccharides (IMO)?

A

Used to enhance fiber content of a food such as bars

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23
Q

What is the Adequate Intake (AI) recommendation for total fiber intake for Women under 50 years of age?

24
What is the process name when synthesizing the Glucose from Glycogen?
Glycogenesis
25
What is Glycogenolysis? A. The combination of 3 fatty acids B. Breaking down the glycogen into smaller Glucose units C. Glycogen + Glucose combined together
B. Breaking down the glycogen into smaller Glucose units
26
What is ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate Powerhouse?
High energy compound
27
Glycosaminoglycans is also known as? A. Mucopolysaccharides B. Monosaccharides C. Glycogenolysis
A. Mucopolysaccharides
28
What is Glucagon ralated to the Blood Sugar Regulation?
Glucagon stimulate livers Glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to raise blood glucose concentration.
29
What is Glycemic Index (GI)?
Glycemic Index is how we rank carbohydrate foods, and how they impact the blood sugar levels.
30
What is the Formula to calculate Glycemic Load?
GI x Carbohydrates / 100
31
Which one is TRUE for Low Glycemic Load levels per day? A. Less than 60 B. Less than 70 C. Less than 80
C. Less than 80
32
What is the roles of Carbohydrates?
It's Energy source, it also can prevent ketosis, primary for the fuel and for central nervous systems and only fuel for Red Blood Cell
33
What is the Carbohydrate Requirements for someone is having moderate exercise 60 min daily?
5 - 7g/kg
34
What is the Roles for Lipid?
``` Energy source Protect & insulate the cold Protect against shock Protect vital organs Support digestion, absorption & transport the Fat - Soluble Vitamin A, D, E, K ```
35
What is the Roles for Lipid?
``` Energy source Protect & insulate the cold Protect against shock Protect vital organs Support digestion, absorption & transport the Fat - Soluble Vitamin A, D, E, K ```
36
Please list down the 3 classification for Lipids
Simple Lipids Compound Lipids Derived Lipids
37
Which classification that is the major storage form of fat in Adipose Cells? A. Simple Lipids B. Compound Lipids C. Derived Lipids
A. Simple Lipids
38
What is the benefits of Emulsification process during digestion?
It break it down with bile that helps it cross the intestinal wall easier
39
What is Brown Adipose Tissue?
Fat stores around our internal organs that provides some cushioning, while fat underlying our skin provides a layer of insulation that helps to maintain our body temperature. Generate heat.
40
Which one is contain one or more double bonds chain? A. Monosaccharides B. Monounsaturated C. Polyunsaturated
C. Polyunsaturated
41
What is Cholesterol roles?
Has structural roles in tissue & cell membranes. Precursor for steroid & Vitamin D Synthesize bile acid & bile salts
42
What is the Primary role for Protein?
Building blocks of body proteins Act as signaling molecules Create hormones
43
What we call them as when link amino acids together? A. Peptide bonds B. Side chain C. Leucine
A. Peptide bonds
44
Which one are the substances that made from Amino Acid? A. Methionine, Tryptophan, Aspartic Acid, Phenylalanine, Lysine B. Arginine, Beta-alanine, Histidine, Glycine, Glutamine C. Serotonin, Creatine, Dopamine, Carnosine, Carnitine
C. Serotonin, Creatine, Dopamine, Carnosine, Carnitine
45
What is the function for Protein?
``` Enzyme Blood clotting Protein hormones Antibodies Receptors Transport Proteins Structural Proteins Contractile Proteins ```
46
What is the Protein Requirement for Weight loss?
1.5 - 2.5g/kg
47
What is the Protein Requirement for weight gain?
1.7 - 2.5g/kg
48
What are the 8 amino acids that body cannot synthesize?
``` Isoleucine Lysine Leucine Methionine Phenylalanine Threonine Valine Tryptophan ```
49
What is the role of amino acid alanine?
Providing Carbohydrate fuel via gluconeogenesis during prolonged exercise
50
What is the role of amino acid alanine?
Providing Carbohydrate fuel via gluconeogenesis during prolonged exercise
51
What are the 'Complex Carbohydrates'?
Starch. Glycogen. Fiber
52
What are the 'Simple Carbohydrates'?
Monosaccharides & Disaccharides
53
Creatine is made from which Amino Acids? A. Histidine, Beta-alanine B. Lysine, Methionine C. Methionine, Arginine & Glycine
C. Methionine, Arginine & Glycine
54
What are the individual Amino Acids that can be use to make certain hormones and neurotransmitters? A. Epinephrine, Serotonin, Norepinephrine & Thyroid hormones B. Arginine, Glutamine & Beta-alanine C. Epinephrine, Glycine & Serotonin
A. Epinephrine, Serotonin, Norepinephrine & Thyroid hormones.
55
Why Essential Amino Acids is important to have in adequate quantity and correct ratio?
To maintain nitrogen balance and for tissue growth & repair
56
Which amino acids is known as glucogenic amino acid and it's very important in role of providing carbs fuel via gluconeogenesis during prolonged exercise? A. Alanine B. Serotonin C. Creatine
A. Alanine
57
What kind of Vitamins are the functions as 'antioxidant'? A. Vitamin A, D, E, K B. Vitamin A, C, E & Beta-Carotene C. Vitamin D, E & Folic Acid
B. Vitamin A, C E & Beta-Carotene

ISSN - SNS (July 2021) (6 decks)

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