Chapter 2- Nutritional Needs

Question 0

Nutrition

Answer 0

The study of how your body uses the nutrients in the foods you eat

Question 1

Nutrient

Answer 1

A chemical substance in food that helps maintain the body

Question 2

Malnutrition

Answer 2

A lack of the right proportions of nutrients over an extended period

Question 3

Deficiency disease

Answer 3

An illness caused by the lack of a sufficient amount of a nutrient

Question 4

Dietary supplements

Answer 4

Purified nutrients that are manufactured or extracted from natural sources

Question 5

Phytochemical

Answer 5

Compounds from plants that are active in the human body

Question 6

Fortified foods

Answer 6

Foods to which nutrients are added in amounts greater than what they would naturally occur in the food

Question 7

Carbohydrates

Answer 7

The body’s chief source of energy. Three main types carbohydrates important to the body: sugars, starches, and fiber. Most carbohydrates come from plant foods.

Question 8

Glucose

Answer 8

The form of sugar carried in the bloodstream for energy used throughout the body

Question 9

Fiber

Answer 9

A form of complex carbohydrates from plants that humans cannot digest. Promotes normal bowel function

Question 10

Fat

Answer 10

Belong to a larger group of compounds called lipids, which include both fats and oils

Question 11

Fatty Acid

Answer 11

Chemical chains that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

Question 12

Hydrogenation

Answer 12

Adds hydrogen atoms to unsaturated fatty acids in liquid oils

Question 13

Trans fatty acids

Answer 13

Are formed when oils are partly hydrated

Question 14

Cholesterol

Answer 14

A fatlike substance found in every cell in the body

Question 15

Protein

Answer 15

Chemical compounds that are found in every cell

Question 16

Amino acids

Answer 16

Small units that protein is made up of

Question 17

Protein-energy malnutrition

Answer 17

A condition where the diet does not contain enough protein and calories

Question 18

Vitamins

Answer 18

Complex organic substances

Question 19

Fat-soluble vitamins

Answer 19

Dissolve in fats

Question 20

Water-soluble vitamins

Answer 20

Dissolve in water

Question 21

Night blindness

Answer 21

A reduced ability to see dim in light due to lack of vitamin A

Question 22

Dietary antioxidant

Answer 22

A substance in foods significantly reduces the harmful effects of oxygen on normal body functions

Question 23

Scurvy

Answer 23

Disease that causes weakness, bleeding gums, tooth loss, and internal bleeding due to lack of vitamin C

Question 24

Beriberi

Answer 24

A disease in the nervous system

Question 25

Pellagra

Answer 25

A disease where skin lesions and digestive problems form, mental disorders and death follow if the disease is untreated. It is caused by lack of niacin in the diet

Question 26

Anemia

Answer 26

A condition that reduces the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream

Question 27

Minerals

Answer 27

Inorganic substances that make up the other 4% of your body

Question 28

Macrominerals

Answer 28

Are minerals needed in the diet in amounts of 100 or more milligrams each day.

Question 29

Trace elements

Answer 29

Are minerals needed in amounts less than 100 milligrams a day

Question 30

Osteoporosis

Answer 30

Bones weakened further by the draw on their calcium supply become porous and brittle

Question 31

Hypertension

Answer 31

High blood pressure

Question 32

Goiter

Answer 32

The visible enlargement of the thyroid gland

Question 33

Digestion

Answer 33

The bodily process of breaking food down into simpler compounds the body can use

Question 34

Absorption

Answer 34

The process of taking in nutrients and making them part of the body

Question 35

Peristalsis

Answer 35

Waves of muscle contraction that push food through the digestive tract

Question 36

Saliva

Answer 36

A mucus and enzyme containing liquid secreting from the mouth

Question 37

Metabolism

Answer 37

The chemical processes that take place in the cells after the body absorbs nutrients

Question 38

Digestion

Answer 38

The bodily process of breaking food down into simpler compounds the body can use

Question 39

Absorption

Answer 39

The process of taking in nutrients and making them part of the body

Question 40

Peristalsis

Answer 40

Waves of muscle contraction that push food through the digestive tract

Question 41

Saliva

Answer 41

A mucus and enzyme containing liquid secreting from the mouth

Question 42

Metabolism

Answer 42

The chemical processes that take place in the cells after the body absorbs nutrients