Chapter 2 - Personality Assessment

Question 1

Inter related reliability?

Answer 1

Multiple observers allows investigations to evaluate the degree of agreement among observers.

Question 2

What is multiple social personalities?

Answer 2

Each one of us displays different sides of ourselves to different people e.g. Nice to friends, mean to enemies

Question 3

What is test data?

Answer 3

Participants placed in a standardized testing situation to see if different people react differently to an identical situations

Question 4

What is naturalistic observation?

Answer 4

Observers witness and record events that occur in the normal course of their lives e.g. A child will be followed by a researcher throughout the day

Question 5

What is functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI)?

Answer 5

Techniques used to identify the area of the brain that light up when performing certain tasks such as verbal problem

Question 6

What does FMRI stand for?

Answer 6

Functional magnetic resonance imaging

Question 7

What are projective techniques?

Answer 7

In which the person is given a standard stimulus and asked what he or she said

Question 8

What is life outcome data?

Answer 8

Refers to information that can me taken from events, activities and outcomes in a persons life that is available for scrutiny.

Question 9

What is reliability?

Answer 9

Can be defined as the degree to which an obtained measure represents the true level of the trait being measured

Question 10

What are response sets?

Answer 10

Tendency of some people to some people to respond to the questions on a basis that is unrelated to the question content.

Question 11

Noncontent responding?

Answer 11

The same as response sets

Question 12

What is acquiescence?

Answer 12

Tendency to simply agree within the questionnaire

Question 13

What is extreme responding?

Answer 13

Another response set that refers to the tendency to give endpoint responses such as strongly agree and strongly disagree

Question 14

Social desirability?

Answer 14

Tendency to answer items in such a way as to come across as socially attractive or likeable

Question 15

What is force choice questionnaire?

Answer 15

Test takers are conformed with pairs of statements and are asked to indicate which statement in each pair is more true of them.

Question 16

What are the 4 types of validity?

Answer 16

Face validity: whether the test on the surface appears to measure what it is suppose to measure

Predictive validity: whether the test predicts criteria external to the test

Convergent validity: refers to whether a test correlates with one measure that it should correlate with

Construct validity: a test that measures what it claims to measure

Question 17

What are theoretical constructs?

Answer 17

Differences used to explain among people e.g. Extraversion

Question 18

What is generalizability?

Answer 18

The degree to which the measure retains its validity across various contexts e.g. A context could be different groups of people

Question 19

What is counter balancing?

Answer 19

Order of conditions where half the participants would get the drug first and the sugar pills after and the other group would get the opposite

Question 20

What are correlation method and correlation coefficient?

Answer 20

Correlation method: a statistical procedure used for determining why her there is a relationship between two variables

And the correlation coefficient is the relationship between height and weight

Question 21

What is directionality problem?

Answer 21

If A and B are correlated, we don’t know if A caused B or B caused A.

Question 22

Third variable problem?

Answer 22

Two variables might be correlated because of a third, the unknown variable causes both

Question 23

What are the 2 parts of self report data?

Answer 23

Unstructured: uses opened ended questions

Structured: questions answered by true or false

Question 24

What is observer report data?

Answer 24

Evaluations of people we come in contact with such as friends, teachers and friends are all sources and observer dats capitalizes on these to gather information about a persons personality

Question 25

What type of personality does Ted bundy have?

Answer 25

Sociopath

Question 26

What are the 4 types of data?

Answer 26

Self report: questionnaire, interview Observer data: ask experts or people who know the participants. Questionnaires to people you know and people you don't Test data: social stress test, blood pressure. Directly observe behaviour or some response Life outcome data: marriage, divorce, GPA. Real life - observable outcomes of possible psychological significance

Question 27

Difference between validity and reliability?

Answer 27

Validity is the extent to which a test measures what it is suppose to and reliability is the degree to which the test represents the true level of trait being measured

Question 28

What is consistency?

Answer 28

A measure of personality

Question 29

What are some features of neuroticism?

Answer 29

Moody, feeling blue, a worrier

Question 30

What is construct validity?

Answer 30

All 4 validities make up construct validity (face, predictive, convergent and discriminant validity)

Question 31

What is self monitoring? What is it to be a high self monitor and low self monitor?

Answer 31

A high self monitor is someone who is good at reading social cues and is able to adapt their behaviour to fit the situation (behaviour is not consistent with their traits) A low self monitor is ideally "what you see is what you get", their traits do not and cannot change due to the situation

Question 32

What is the theory of planned behaviour?

Answer 32

Positive attitude toward health but the action isn't always carried out e.g. I want to get fit but I don't always go to the gym

Question 33

What are some examples and ideas of self monitors?

Answer 33

High self monitors: typically have attractive partners, open to one night stands and are more likely to cheat Low self monitors: more intimate in relationships and offer more stability. Looks are not as big of a factor and personality is very important

Question 34

How does self monitoring affect consumer behaviour?

Answer 34

High self monitors buy products that will enhance image - designer products and expensive things Low self monitors prefer quality products and something that does the job that well and will last rather than appearance

Question 35

How does self monitoring affect occupations?

Answer 35

High self monitors will move from jobs much quicker and will get promoted a lot quicker Low self monitors was to be themselves, not raise attention, just earn an honest living behind the scenes