Chapter 2: Perspectives In Psychology Flashcards

Question

Individual psychology

Answer 1

The striving for superiority comes from childhood because we are so helpless, we want to get away from that A person who fails to develop a superiority complex has an inferiority complex

Answer 2

They never feel good enough

Answer 3

The need to do everything and succeed at everything

Answer 4

Has no stable sense of themselves, they become untrusting of people, due to being ignored as children, having too much freedom

Answer 5

Parent is too overprotective (no freedom) as an adult is someone who lacks initiative, will be afraid to try new things, will become clingy in relationships because they have no sense of themselves

Answer 6

Difficult because they are subject to pampering as a child when they are the only child, when the next child comes their spot is taken They develop a sense of neglect and abandonment, a lack of trust

Answer 7

Overly pampered they get attention of parents as well as older siblings Can develop the tendencies of a pampered child

Answer 8

You do not get neglected or overly pampered

Answer 9

The closets of Freuds followers More of a philosopher, travelled throughout the world Created analytic psychology

Answer 10

Although all cultures are so different there are certain unconscious inherited and universal aspects that all cultures shared

Answer 11

Symbols or concepts that are shared in different cultures; universal human aspect of all personalities Ex. Anima and Animus, each person has a female half and a male half

Answer 12

Established her own psychoanalytic institute in the U.S.psychological neurosis which developed in interpersonal relationships Developed from childhood

Answer 13

In a interpersonal relationship, would be very dependent, clingy and have a fear of being abandoned Very unstable because they require too much from their partner

Answer 14

Tend to be quite distant from people it is hard to get close to them, it would be uncomfortable to be close to someone like this

Answer 15

Nowadays would be considered a psychopath Charming but it is all fake they are contains lot using people they do not care about people

Answer 16

Forms of testing were not strong A lot of Freuds evidence came from case studies (one person) all of it was anecdotal evidence

Answer 17

You’ve heard it before, so you are biased

Answer 18

You have to be able to test them to show they are fake

Answer 19

Making psychology a measurable science again Actions speak louder than words

Answer 20

Measurable (observable) Predictable Changeable

Answer 21

Classical conditioning on darts Learned associations between behaviour and reward( when the man who is supposed to feed the dogs goes in the dogs begin to salivate) Control and predict behaviour through control of environmental cues

Answer 22

The driving force in promoting behaviourism in North America Reorientation of psychology as a science of observable behaviour only Examination of a persons internal thoughts is prone to bias and error Subject reality vs. Object reality

Answer 23

More advanced behaviour could be changed through conditioning; conditioned emotional responses Once you understand behaviour you can control and create them Watson was able to records these expirements

Answer 24

little Albert was an infant that Watson used to created conditioned responses. He would present him with various kind of stimuli, rabbit, would allow his to reach out an play with the rat, and a white rat which he would also reach out and touch; he was not afraid. Watson wanted to create a conditioned response to the rat, next time he presented the rat, when it got close to him he would create. Aloud noise which would upset him, and he would start to cry. After doing this a few times, the rat would be presented to Albert, and he then associated the rat with the sound, and would begin to cry in the presence of the rat.

Answer 25

Left academia and went into advertising Ads between a product and a desired emotion

Answer 26

More productive and disciplined researcher than Watson Behaviour is shaped by environmental consequences Operant conditioning Schedules of reinforcement

Answer 27

Behaviour could be shaped/changed based on the consequences of what a person does If you reward a behaviour it will continue If you do not reward a behaviour or you punish it that behaviour will stop

Answer 28

When do you reward behaviour

Answer 29

The reward will come but you cannot predict it, it becomes addictive

Answer 30

Good at explaining behaviours and gambling Skinner thought it cold explain all, when it could not Very dominate form of psychology at the time, but how does it explain anxiety and mental disorders

Answer 31

Slaves to our unconscious urges and desires (as if we do not control)

Answer 32

Slaves to our environment (not in control of our lives because we are constantly being shaped by the environment)

Answer 33

The unique personal experience of being human People reach their potential through greater self-awareness and understanding Beginning of clinical psychology

Answer 34

Was a behaviourist, worked with monkeys but was more interested in human experiences

Answer 35

A rich life is one where a person reaches their full potential Satisfying needs arranged in hierarchy from basic survival to deeply personal Goal to realize your true self “self-actualization” Must satisfy the lower levels before the higher ones

Answer 36

You are able to satisfy them Physiological and safety (bottom two)

Answer 37

You never satisfy them; you are constantly striving for them From striving for these you get a sense of respect and good reputation Belongingness, esteem and self-actualization

Answer 38

Hunger, thirst, warmth, sleep

Answer 39

Security, protection, freedom from threats

Answer 40

Acceptance and friendship

Answer 41

Good self-opinion, accomplishments, reputation

Answer 42

Living up to full potential, achieving personal dreams and aspirations Believed most people wont achieve this

Answer 43

Personal responsibility for our actions and growth through self-knowledge/self-awareness

Answer 44

I want to know about your personal expriences

Answer 45

Faced early failures as a therapist Making decisions for others; instead clients should arrive at their own decisions, his role should be as a guide

Answer 46

Unconditional positive regard: clients should be able to disclose their personal thoughts in a non-judgemental setting

Answer 47

Role of therapist is to guide client toward self-awareness; client would talk and he would reflect what they are hearing back at them, so they are able to agree or change their thought

Answer 48

Personality consists of only one construct, how they view themselves

Answer 49

If others view you the same as your self-concept

Answer 50

If you think you are one way but the way others view you is different

Answer 51

When we receive information that goes against our self-concept

Answer 52

People will try to minimizes this information or rationalize it

Answer 53

When a person hears a lot of information that doesn’t match who they think they are; they are in a state of disorganization, it causes anxiety

Answer 54

Personal responsibility Here and now Personal experience Personal growth

Answer 55

You are in control of your own life, because you can always control what you do

Answer 56

A persons personal experience can change who they are

Answer 57

People are constantly growing and changing who they are

Answer 58

Is very appealing Foundation of modern counselling Group therapy

Answer 59

Disillusioned behavioural psychologist start to question behaviourist theory Started buy people who were only observing observable behaviour; they want to know what is going on inside the mind, how memory works and how decision making works

Answer 60

Concerned with mental functions based on how on how we think remember and make decisions

Answer 61

Developed information processing theory Sensory signals- early processing- deeper processing What he wanted to do: understand how these thought processes work, take them from simple leave to a more complex level

Answer 62

Interested in “social cognition”; how do people across situations Ex. Helping behaviour, when do people offer help and when do they not (what are people motivated by; is it self motivated)

Answer 63

Addresses pseudo logical struggles of children and adults Catered on counselling and therapy-diagnosing, understanding and solving problems Ex. Attention deficient disorder, treated through medication

Answer 64

How thinking changes as we age- typically involves children and infants Ex. Language development, delay in language, delay in reading ability

Answer 65

Interested in brain processes in pathological conditions (when there are problems with the brain functions) Ex. Alzheimer’s disease (try to understand why it is happening, and try to find solutions) Involves animal research

Answer 66

Sensations and perception Attention processes Memory ( short and long term) Thinking and reasoning

Answer 67

The “mind” is a product of brain functioning; under[ins all thought and behaviour most disciplines employ versions of techniques used in the past Self report- ask a person how they feel about a subject/ what they think Unconscious behaviour (behaviour is still a reliable measure) Nature vs. Nurture - recognizes the interaction of both ex. Human speech

Chapter 2: Perspectives In Psychology Flashcards

(91 cards)