Chapter 2 (pg. 33-63) pt. 1

Question 1

What are the differnt types of mental disorders?

Answer 1

1) psychosis

2) neurosis

Question 2

Is this psychosis or neurosis:

more severe

Answer 2

psychosis

Question 3

Is this psychosis or neurosis:

severe break with reality

Answer 3

psychosis

Question 4

True or False: People with psychosis are a greater risk to others

Answer 4

False; People with psychosis are a greater risk to themselves

Question 5

True or False: Most people with psychosis are violent

Answer 5

False; Most people with psychosis are non-violent

Question 6

Is this psychosis or neurosis:

only about 1% of homicide offenders in the U.S.

Answer 6

psychosis

Question 7

Is this psychosis or neurosis:

relatively rare

Answer 7

psychosis

Question 8

Is this psychosis or neurosis:

less serious

Answer 8

neurosis

Question 9

Is this psychosis or neurosis:

minor forms f a personality disorder

Answer 9

neurosis

Question 10

Is this psychosis or neurosis:

4-6% of the inmate population

Answer 10

neurosis

Question 11

What are the symptoms of psychosis?

Answer 11

1) delusions
2) hallucinations
3) disorganized speech
4) catatomic state
5) engaging in grossly disorganized behavior

Question 12

Neurosis includes persons with?

Answer 12

1) compulsive and obsersive behaviors
2) anxiety disorders and other acute stresses
3) substance-abuse disorders

Question 13

What are the two main types of psychological theories?

Answer 13

1) psychoanalytic theory

2) learning theory

Question 14

Psychoanalytic theory was based on the ideas of _________ _______

Answer 14

Sigmund Freud

Question 15

According to psychoanalytic theory, human personality consists of ___, ____, and ________

Answer 15

id, ego, and superego

Question 16

What is the difference between Id, and Ego?

Answer 16

Id- the unconscious reservoir of irrational, anti-social, and instinctual impulses
Ego- compromiser; mediates between Id and Superego

Question 17

What is the difference between Ego and Superego?

Answer 17

Ego- compromiser; mediates between Id and Superego

Superego- self-criticism and moral/ethical prohibitions

Question 18

What is the difference between Id and Superego?

Answer 18

Id- the unconscious reservoir of irrational, anti-social, and instinctual impulses
Superego- self-criticism and moral/ethical prohibitions

Question 19

Conflicts between Id, Ego, and Superego cause _______ ________

Answer 19

psychic conflict

Question 20

Under psychoanalytic theory, what are the primary causes of crime?

Answer 20

1) negative childhood experiences
2) abnormal maturation and fixation at a stage of emotional development
3) repressed sexuality or guilt

Question 21

An abused child that grows up to be violent or an abusive adult is an example of the “______ ___ ________”

Answer 21

“cycle of violence”

Question 22

Psychoanalytic theory solutions include techniques like ______ ________ and exercises in “_____ __________”

Answer 22

dream therapy

“free association”

Question 23

Under Learning Theories what are the 3 distinct forms of learning?

Answer 23

1) classical conditioning
2) operant conditioning
3) social learning theory

Question 24

Which type of learning is this:

a particular response can be conditioned when it’s paried with an otherwise neutral stimulus

Answer 24

classical conditioning

Question 25

Pavlov's dog experiment is what type of learning?

Answer 25

classical conditioning

Question 26

A drug addict craving heightened by seeing drug paraphernalia is what type of learning?

Answer 26

classical conditioning

Question 27

Which type of learning is this: | organisms learn to act upon their environment by assorting rewards and punishments with their own behavior

Answer 27

operant conditioning

Question 28

Which type of learning is this: | attributes persistent criminal behavior to rewards and reinforcements they get from deviant behavior

Answer 28

operant conditioning

Question 29

Which type of learning is this: | Albert Bandura

Answer 29

social learning theory

Question 30

Which type of learning is this: | operant conditioning + cognitive psychology

Answer 30

social learning theory

Question 31

Which type of learning is this: | rewards/punishments + various observation of other people's behavioral consequences

Answer 31

social learning theory

Question 32

Which type of learning is this: | interpretation, scripting, and modeling of human behavior

Answer 32

social learning theory

Question 33

Behavioral modeling consists of: 1) 2) 3)

Answer 33

1) familial influences (major models) 2) particular socio-economic environment 3) symbolic models

Question 34

What traits are linked to criminology?

Answer 34

1) impulsivity 2) high sensation seeking 3) high psychoticism 4) learning disabilities 5) attention deficiency and hyperactivitiy (ADH) 6) low empathy 7) negative affectivity 8) low delayed gratification

Question 35

___________ ____________ are people who are viewed as aggressive, dangerous, and anti-social individuals who act in a callous manner and exhibit several basic personaltiy characteristics

Answer 35

criminal psychopaths

Question 36

"__________ ____________" advanced by Stanton Samenow and Samuel Yochelson

Answer 36

"criminal personality"

Question 37

"Criminal personality" consists of individual with what type of traits?

Answer 37

1) aggressive 2) "blood thristy" 3) angry 4) thrill-seekers 5) don't trust anyone

Question 38

True or False: There is no definitive evidence that "criminal personality" exists

Answer 38

True

Question 39

What are the strenghts of psychological theories?

Answer 39

1) helps develop "risk factors" for crime | 2) most useful as explanations of the behavior of deeply disturbed, impulsive, and destructive people

Question 40

What are the limitations of psychological theories?

Answer 40

1) not the typical situation in which criminal acts occur 2) unable to explain or account for the epidemiology of crime 3) tests are often not very predictive of one's future criminal behavior 4) not good at explaining "persisters" and "desisters"

Question 41

"_________" are those who continue to commit crime through their adult years

Answer 41

"persisters"

Question 42

True or False: most people are "desisters"

Answer 42

True