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Pharmacology > Chapter 2- Pharmacological Principles > Flashcards

Chapter 2- Pharmacological Principles Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Drug

A

Any chemical that effects the processes of a living organism

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2
Q

Pharmacology

A

The study of drugs

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3
Q

Chemical Name

A

Describes the chemical make up and molecular structure of a drug

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4
Q

Generic Name

A

The nonproprietary names given by the US Adopted Names Council

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5
Q

Trade Name

A

Given to a drug with a trademark whose use is restricted by the drug’s patent owner (manufactuer)

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6
Q

Prototypical Drugs

A

The first drug in a class of drugs

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7
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

The movement of drugs through the body (absorption, distribution, digestion, metabolism, excretion)

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8
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

What a drug does to the body as it moves

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9
Q

Pharmacotherapeutics

A

The clinical use of drugs to treat and prevent diseases

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10
Q

Toxicology

A

The science behind the adverse effects of drugs and chemicals on living organisms

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11
Q

Drug Dosages

A

How much of a drug is given

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12
Q

Dosage Forms

A

How drugs are presented (ex. coated or liquid)

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13
Q

Enteral Drug Administration

A

Absorbed into the systemic circulation
Goes through the digestive system

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14
Q

Parenteral Drug Administration

A

Through IVs and injections
Bypasses the digestive system

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15
Q

Topical Drug Administration

A

Applied externally or inhaled
Another examples is vaginal/rectal suppositories

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16
Q

Absorption

A

Drug movement from the GI tract into the bloodstream

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17
Q

Rate of Absorption

A

How quickly drugs are absorbed by the body
This impacts how soon drug effects are felt

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18
Q

Bioavaliability

A

The extent to which active drugs enter systemic circulation

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19
Q

First Pass Effect

A

The idea that when drugs pass through the digestive system they can become partially inactive (typically happens in the liver)
A “high first pass” means that a large amount of the drug was changed in the liver and is no longer active

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20
Q

Distribution

A

The transport of drugs through the bloodstream to their site of action

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21
Q

Metabolism

A

The biochemical alterations/changes that occur in the body
In pharmacology we talk about it in the context of drug alterations

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22
Q

Biotransformation

A

Another word for metabolism

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23
Q

Lipophilic Drugs

A

Drugs that are “fat loving”
They are harder to eliminate

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24
Q

Hydrophilic Drugs

A

Drugs that are “water loving”
They are easier to eliminate

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25
Excretion
The elimination of a drug from the body
26
Half-Life
The amount of time it takes for half of the original amount of a drug to be removed from the body
27
Steady Rate
When the amount of a drug being removed through elimination is equal to the amount of drug absorbed with each dose
28
Drug Onset
The time it takes for a drug to initially elicit a response
29
Drug Peak
The time it takes for a drug to reach its maximum potential for response
30
Drug Duration
How long a drug is sufficient to elicit a response
31
Peak Level
The highest blood level of a drug
32
Trough Level
The lowest blood level of a drug
33
Toxicity
Occurs when the peak level of a drug is too high
34
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
35
Selective Interactions
36
Nonselective Interactions
37
Agonist Receptor Interaction
When a drug binds to a receptor to produce a response This "activates" the receptor
38
Partial Agonist Receptor Interaction
When a drug binds to a receptor and it produces a moderate response
39
Antagonist Receptor Interaction
When a drug binds to a receptor and there is no response or the drug itself prevents the binding of other drugs Typically the receptor becomes "inactivated"
40
Contraindication Drug Therapy
Something that makes the drug dangerous for the pt. Ex. pregnancy and accutane don't mix
41
Acute Drug Therapy
Drugs used during acute illness
42
Maintenance Drug Therapy
Drugs used to prevent complications of pre-existing disease(s)
43
Supplemental Drug Therapy
Drugs that supply what the body cannot produce on its own
44
Palliative Drug Therapy
Drugs that aid in symptom relief
45
Supportive Drug Therapy
Drugs that support the body's sytems
46
Prophylactic Drug Therapy
Drugs intended to prevent illness
47
Empiric Drug Therapy
Drug treatments that are based on the likelihood of a pathogen/infection
48
Therapeutic Index
The relationship between a drug's therapeutic dose and its toxic dose A narrow index means a more narrow room for dosage error
49
Drug Monitoring
Assessing drug administration for its effectiveness, any adverse effects, any cumulative effects, its concentration, and the pt.'s condition
50
Tolerance
Decreased response to a drug due to repeated dosages
51
Dependence
A physical or psychological need for a drug
52
Physical Dependence
The physical need for a drug to avoid physical withdrawal symptoms
53
Psychological Dependence
A psychological need for a drug with obsessive desires for a drug's euphoric effects "Addiction"
54
Drugs with Additive Effects
When the result of administering two drugs at the same time is the same as the result of administering them individually 1+1=2
55
Drugs with Synergist Effects
When two drugs given together are more effective than administering them individually 1+1>2
56
Drugs with Antagonist Effects
When administering two drugs at once decreases their effectiveness than if they were given separately 1+1<2
57
Incompatibility
58
ADE
Adverse drug events
59
Medication Errors
Preventable errors in the prescribing, dispensing, administering, or monitoring of a drug Typically man-made
60
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Allergic reactions
61
Idiosyncratic Reactions
Unexpected and abnormal reactions to normal dosages of a drug
62
Drug Interactions
When there is altered drug effects due to the interaction(s) between 2 drugs
63
Teratogens
Drugs that cause structural defects in fetuses
64
Mutagens
Drugs that cause permanent changes in the genetic make up of a living organism
65
Carcinogens
Cancer causing drugs
66
Pharmacoeconomics
A cost-benefit analysis of certain drugs Examines treatment outcomes in comparison to the total costs related to drug treatment
67
Clinical Toxicology
The study of treating pt.s with toxic levels of drugs in their systems

Pharmacology (4 decks)

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