Chapter 2 Psy 2050

Question 1

the information a person reveals

Answer 1

s data

Question 2

unstructured questions

Answer 2

open ended

Question 3

structured questions

Answer 3

true or false…. etc

Question 4

a way for someone to express with numbers the degree to which a particular trait describes him or her

Answer 4

likert rating scale

Question 5

people answer some questions, maybe about their moods or physical symptoms, every day for several weeks or longer. people are contacted one or more times a day at random to complete the measures.

Answer 5

experience sampling

Question 6

what is o - data?

Answer 6

observer report data. where people report data about you

Question 7

multiple observers allow investigators to evaluate the degree of agreemend among observers

Answer 7

inter-rater reliability

Question 8

what are multiple social personalities?

Answer 8

the different social roles we play. the different sides of us that we are to different people

Question 9

in what kind of observation do observers witness and record events that occur in the normal course of the lives of the participants?

Answer 9

naturalistic observation

Question 10

what is t-data?

Answer 10

test data. participants are placed in a standardized testing situation. the idea is to see if different people react differently to an identical situation

Question 11

a person is given a standard stimulus and asked what they see

Answer 11

projective techniques

Question 12

information that can be gleaned from the events, activities, and outcomes in a person’s life that are available to public scrutiny

Answer 12

life outcome data, or l-data

Question 13

the degree to which an obtained measure represents the true level of the trait being measured

Answer 13

reliability

Question 14

what is repeated measurement?

Answer 14

measurement methods… they can be repeated over time. the results can be seen if they correlate with each other. the measurements can be obtained from different observers

Question 15

if the items within a test, viewed as a form of repeated measurement, all correlate with each other….

Answer 15

internal consistency reliability

Question 16

different observers agree with each other

Answer 16

inter rater reliability

Question 17

the tendency of some people to respond to the questions on a basis that’s unrelated to the question content

Answer 17

response sets/ noncontent responding

Question 18

the tendency to agree with the questionnaire items regardless of the content

Answer 18

acquiescence/ yea saying

Question 19

the tendency to give endpoint responses, such as “strongly agree” or “strongly disagree” and to avoid the middle part of response scales, like “slightly agree” or “slightly disagree”

Answer 19

extreme responding

Question 20

the tendency to answer items in a way as to come across as socially likeable

Answer 20

social desirability

Question 21

an effort made to minimize the effects of social desirable responding where test takers are confronted with pairs of statements and are asked to indicate which statement in each pair is more true of them

Answer 21

forced-choice questionnaire format

Question 22

the extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure

Answer 22

validity

Question 23

whether a test, on surface level, appears to measure what it’s supposed to

Answer 23

face validity

Question 24

whether the test predicts criteria external to the test

Answer 24

predictive validity / criterion validity

Question 25

whether a test correlates with other measures that it should correlate with

Answer 25

convergent validity

Question 26

often evaluated simultaneously with convergent validity. refers to what a measure should not correlate with

Answer 26

discriminant validity

Question 27

a test that measures what it claims to measure, correlates and does not correlate with what it's supposed to

Answer 27

construct validity

Question 28

based on the notion that personality variables are....

Answer 28

theoretical constructs

Question 29

the degree to which the measure retains its validity against various contexts

Answer 29

generalizability

Question 30

used to determine causality and figure out whether one variable influences another

Answer 30

experimental methods

Question 31

ensures all groups are the same at the beginning of the study

Answer 31

random assignment

Question 32

what is counterbalancing?

Answer 32

balancing the assignment. control group with regular group

Question 33

if the difference between the means would be likely to occur by chance alone, then the difference is.... ?

Answer 33

statistically significant

Question 34

a statistical procedure used for determining whether there is a relationship between two variables

Answer 34

a correlational method

Question 35

the most common statistical procedure for gauging relationships between variables...

Answer 35

the correlation coefficient

Question 36

one of the reasons why correlations cannot prove causality. If A and B are correlated, we do not know if A is the cause of B or if B is the cause of A

Answer 36

directionality problem

Question 37

one of the reasons why correlations cannot prove causality. Two variables might be correlated because a third unknown variable is causing both

Answer 37

third variable problem

Question 38

a personality researcher is interested in examining the life of one person in depth as a case study

Answer 38

case study method