Chapter 2 - Psychological Science Flashcards
(48 cards)
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Research that investigates issues that have implications for everyday life and provides solutions to everyday problems
What is Applied Research?
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Research that answers fundamental questions about behavior. Studying something when there is no particular reason to examine such things except to acquire a better knowledge if how the processes occur
What is Basic Research?
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free from the personal bias or emotions of the scientist
Define Objective
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principles that are so general as to apply to all situations in a given domain of inquiry
laws
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an integrated set of principles that explains and predicts many, but not all, observed relationships within a given domain of inquiry
theory
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- General 2. Parsimonious - simplest possible account of outcomes 3. Provides ideas for future research 4. Falsifiable
What are 4 Important Characteristics Theories Should Have?
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a specific and falsifiable prediction about the relationship between or among two or more variables
Research Hypothesis
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costs (potential harm) are compared to the benefits (potential to advance knowledge and offer advantages)
Cost-benefit Analysis
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conducted before a participant beings a research session, is designed to explain the research procedures and inform them of their rights during the investigation
Informed Consent
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a procedure designed to fully explain the purposes and procedures of the research and remove any harmful aftereffects of participation
Debriefing
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the specific method a researcher uses to collect, analyze, and interpret data
Research Design
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designed to create a snapshot of the current thoughts, feelings, or behavior of individuals Uses Case Studies, Surveys, and Naturalistic Observation
Descriptive Research
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research based on the observation of everyday events
Naturalistic Observation
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numbers that summarize descriptive research
Descriptive Statistics
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measures 2 or more relevant variables and assesses a relationship between or among them Scatter Plots
Correlation Research
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a measure of the strength of linear relationship between 2 variables
Pearson Correlation Coefficient
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may cause both the predictor and outcome variables in a correlation design, producing a false relationship
Common-Casual Variables
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involves the manipulation of an independent variable and the measurement of a dependent variable
Experimental Research
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- Construct Validity 2. Statistical Conclusion Validity 3. Internal Validity 4. External Validity
What Are 4 Types of Validity?
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refers to the assurance that the measured variables adequately measure the conceptual variables
Construct Validity
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refers to the assurance that inferences about statistical significance are appropriate
Statistical Conclusion Validity
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refers to the assurance that the independent variable has caused the dependent variable
Internal Validity
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the extent to which the results of a research design can be generalized beyond the specific way the original experiment was conducted
External Validity
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uses the results of existing studies to integrate and draw conclusions about those studies
Meta-Analysis
