Chapter 2 Quiz 1 Flashcards
(17 cards)
Who was Nicholas Copernicus?
A Polish astronomer who believed that the earth was round, rotated on an axis, revolved around the sun, and that the sun was stationary at the center of the universe.
Who was Rene Descartes?
A French philosopher who believed that the truth must be reached through wisdom. He invented analytical geometry.
Who was Francis Bacon?
An Englishman who believed that ideas based on tradition or unproven facts should be discredited. He developed the scientific method.
Who was Isaac Newton?
An Englishman who was a poor student that almost dropped out of school. His math teacher began to tutor him. He came up with the idea of gravity after his school closed due to the plague. He developed calculus.
Who was Joseph Priestly?
Experimented with the properties of air and discovered the existence of oxygen. This resulted in the carbonated drinks.
Who was Thomas Hobbes?
Used natural law to argue that human beings were naturally violent. He believed in an absolute monarch
Supported social contract and believed that people did not have the right to rebel against the government no matter how unjust the government might be. Author of Leviathan
Who was Baron de Montesquieu?
Studied various governments and admired the English government, promoting a separation of governmental powers. He believed in the rights of an individual.
Who was Voltaire?
An author who mocked the Catholic Church, the royal court of France, and the nobility. Served 2 separate prison times. Got exiled to England and stated, ‘I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.’
Who was Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
Criticizing what he saw, he believed that people should rely more on instinct than emotion, that human beings were naturally good but civilizations and institutions corrupted them, and that people should remove themselves and return to nature.
Who was William Penn?
An American Quaker who founded the state of Pennsylvania and
A pacifist who advocated an assembly of nations committed to world peace.
Who was Thomas Henry?
Produced and discovered carbonated water.
Who was Johannes Kepler?
An astronomer and mathematician who used math and Brahe’s data to prove Copernicus’ hypotheses.
Who was Galileo Galilei?
Used a telescope to discover that the moons circling Jupiter proved that not all heavenly bodies revolve around earth and that some planets did move around the sun.
Who was Andreas Vesalius?
Dissected human remains to make groundbreaking discoveries about anatomy. Published On the Structure of the Human Body.
Who was William Harvey?
Concluded that blood circulated around the human body and was pumped by the heart.
Who was Antione Lavoisier?
Discovered that when materials burn they consume oxygen. In result of his discovery of the nature of combustion came the chemical union of a flammable material with oxygen.
Who was John Locke?
Author of Two Treatises of Government. He believed that people were naturally moral and reasonable. He believed that the government was created to protect people’s natural rights.
