Chapter 2 Reading

Question 1

aggregated

Answer 1

to combine measurements from one set of spatial units to a
larger unit using a regular or hierarchical scheme, such as adding
county populations to determine the state populations

Question 2

alpha

Answer 2

a color parameter that defines the opacity or transparency of a
color

Question 3

bivariate choropleth map

Answer 3

a graduated colors map that compares
the spatial patterns of two different numeric attributes by mixing
two ranges of colors together

Question 4

categorical data

Answer 4

data that place objects into unranked groups;
examples are land use and geology data

Question 5

chart map

Answer 5

a map showing several different attributes in chart form,
with one chart for each feature

Question 6

choropleth map

Answer 6

a map in which each feature, such as a state, is
colored according to the values in a data field

Question 7

classification

Answer 7

assigning features to two or more groups based on
numeric values in an attribute field

Question 8

classified

Answer 8

a raster display method that divides values into two or more
groups based on their numeric values

Question 9

CMYK

Answer 9

a method of specifying color using mixtures of cyan, magenta,
yellow, and black; primarily used in printing and publishing

Question 10

colormap

Answer 10

a set of defined colors matched to specific image pixel
values, which determines how the image will appear

Question 11

connotation

Answer 11

a typical emotional reaction elicited by certain colors or
symbols

Question 12

continuous

Answer 12

data that take on a variety of values and that change
rapidly across a data set, such as elevation

Question 13

convention

Answer 13

a symbol for mapping that is commonly chosen and
understood to have particular meaning

Question 14

defined interval

Answer 14

a classification method in which the user specifies a
size range for all the classes

Question 15

discrete

Answer 15

described data that represent distinct spatial objects such as
wells, roads, or counties

Question 16

divergent color set

Answer 16

a set of colors with a neutral middle value that
grades to increasingly saturated colors of different hues above and
below

Question 17

dot density map

Answer 17

a map representing attribute values by a
proportional number of randomly placed dots

Question 18

dynamic labels

Answer 18

labels determined from an attribute and
automatically placed on a map each time features are drawn and
redrawn

Question 19

equal interval

Answer 19

a classification method in which the user specifies a
number of classes that have equal size ranges

Question 20

geometric interval

Answer 20

a classification method that bases the class
intervals on a geometric series in which each class is multiplied by a
constant coefficient to produce the next higher class

Question 21

graduated color map

Answer 21

a map that divides numeric data from a
polygon feature class into classes based on value and displays the
classes with different colors

Question 22

graduated symbol map

Answer 22

a map that divides numeric data from a line
or point feature class into classes based on value and displays the
classes with different size or thickness of symbols

Question 23

histogram

Answer 23

a graph showing the number of values from a data set that
occur in evenly spaced ranges known as bins

Question 24

HSV

Answer 24

a method of specifying color based on hue, saturation, or value

Question 25

hue

Answer 25

(in HSV color model) the shade of a color, such as red, green, or blue, measured on a 0 to 360 scale

Question 26

image

Answer 26

a raster data layer, usually referring to a raster that displays brightness values, as in a photograph

Question 27

interval data

Answer 27

values that follow a regular scale but have no natural zero point, such as degrees Celsius or pH

Question 28

Jenks method

Answer 28

a way to classify numeric data into ranges defined by naturally occurring gaps in the data histogram

Question 29

layer

Answer 29

a reference to a feature class and its associated properties

Question 30

layer file

Answer 30

a file that stores a pointer to spatial data along with information on how to display it

Question 31

layer properties

Answer 31

settings that control how a data set is to be displayed or viewed

Question 32

modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP)

Answer 32

statistical and visual issues caused by aggregating measured data using arbitrary areal units such as political boundaries

Question 33

nominal data

Answer 33

values that name or identify an object, such as a street name

Question 34

normalize

Answer 34

to divide the values of an attribute field by the total of the field or by the values in another field

Question 35

ordinal data

Answer 35

data values that indicate a rank or ordering system

Question 36

proportional symbol map

Answer 36

a map that displays attribute values with marker or line symbols that are proportional in size relative to the value of the feature

Question 37

quantile

Answer 37

a classification method that divides the data into the specified number of quantiles so that each class has the same number of features

Question 38

ratio data

Answer 38

data having a regular scale of measurement and a natural zero point, such as precipitation or population

Question 39

RGB composite

Answer 39

an image displayed by assigning one band of brightness information to each red, green, and blue color gun in a display monitor

Question 40

saturation

Answer 40

(in HSV color model) the intensity of a color measured on a scale of 0 to 100

Question 41

slice

Answer 41

to divide the values in a raster into a specified number of even classes

Question 42

source data

Answer 42

(1) a spatial data file that provides the features for a map layer; (2) the original information used to develop a spatial data set

Question 43

standard deviation

Answer 43

a classification scheme in which the class breaks are based on the standard deviation values of the data being mapped

Question 44

stretched

Answer 44

a display method that spreads the data values over the entire range of symbols available; see also stretch stretch: to spread the values of an image to cover the entire range of symbols available, often supplemented by ignoring the tails of the distribution; see also stretched

Question 45

style

Answer 45

a collection of map symbols and colors that are stored together and used together

Question 46

thematic raster

Answer 46

a raster that contains categorical or nominal data values, such as land use codes or soil types

Question 47

Tobler's law

Answer 47

measurements taken at locations close together are more likely to be similar than measures taken at locations further apart

Question 48

unique values map

Answer 48

a map in which each attribute value is assigned its own symbol

Question 49

value

Answer 49

(in HSV color model) the darkness or lightness of a color on a scale of 0 to 100