Chapter 2 Review

Question 1

The three main types of subatomic particles are ______ , ______, and _______.

Answer 1

protons, neutrons, electrons

Question 2

___________ atoms usually have no neutrons

Answer 2

Hydrogen

Question 3

Anything that has mass and occupies space is defined as _________

A). matter
B). weight
C). atom
D). energy

Answer 3

A). matter

Question 4

Generally speaking, an atom is made of a central ______ which is surrounded by orbiting ________.

Answer 4

nucleus, electrons

Question 5

Subatomic particles called __________ can be found at various distances from the nucleus

Answer 5

electrons

Question 6

Which of the following are subatomic particles?

A). Protons
B). Neutrons
C). Electrons
D). Orbitals
E). Ions

Answer 6

A. Protons, B). Neutrons, C). Electrons

Question 7

The atomic number of an element refers to the number of ________ in the atoms of that element.

A). orbitals
B). protons
C). neutrons
D). electrons

Answer 7

B). protons

Question 8

____________ atoms always have one proton

Answer 8

Hydrogen or H

Question 9

Atoms of different chemical electrons can be differentiated based on the number of ________.

A). neutrons in the nucleus
B). protons in the nucleus
C). electrons in the outermost shell
D). electrons in all shells
E). orbitals in the outermost shell

Answer 9

B). protons in the nucleus

Question 10

An atoms is composed of a central nucleus which is surrounded by which orbiting particles?

A). neutrons
B). ions
C). electrons
D). protons

Answer 10

C). electrons

Question 11

If two atoms have the same number of protons in their nucleus, you can conclude for sure that they ________.

A). are the same isotope
B). have the same atomic mass
C). are atoms of the same element

Answer 11

C). are atoms of the same element

Question 12

Which subatomic particles are located in the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 12

Protons, Neutrons

Question 13

Atomic number refers to the number of _______ in an atom.

Answer 13

protons

Question 14

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means is called a(n) ___________.

Answer 14

elements

Question 15

Atoms of the same element always have the same number of _________ in the nucleus, and this number is unique for that element.

Answer 15

protons

Question 16

Among subatomic particles, a(n) __________ has a charge of +1, a(n) ____________ has a charge of -1, and a(n) ___________ has no charge.

Answer 16

protons, electrons, neutrons

Question 17

If two atoms belong to the same element, which of the following must be true?

A). they must have the same number of neutrons
B). they must have the same number of protons
C). they must have the same number of electrons

Answer 17

B). they must have the same number of protons

Question 18

Subatomic particles called _________ can be found at various distances from the nucleus

Answer 18

electrons

Question 19

An atom has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons. This atom has an atomic number of _____, an atomic mass of ______, and an overall charge of

Answer 19

11; 23; +1

Question 20

What do we call a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means?

A). an element
B). a mixture
C). a compound
D). a solution

Answer 20

A). an element

Question 21

The atomic mass of an atoms is equal to the sum of the masses of its ____________ and_________.

Answer 21

protons, neutrons

Question 22

Almost all the mass of an atom is located in the ________.

Answer 22

nucleus

Question 23

If two atoms have the same number of protons in their nucleus, you can conclude for sure that they _________

A). have the same atomic mass
B). are atoms of the same element
C). are the same isotope

Answer 23

B). are atoms of the same element

Question 24

Which two particles are the primary determinants of an element’s atomic mass?

Answer 24

Protons, Neutrons

Question 25

The atomic mass of an atom is equal to the sum of the masses of what particles?

Answer 25

Protons and Neutrons

Question 26

Which subatomic particles determine the atomic mass of an atom?

Answer 26

Protons and Neutrons

Question 27

Within an atom, where are electrons found? A). Evenly distributed throughout the atom B). Concentrated at one end of the atom with the nucleus at the opposite end C). In the nucleus D). In orbitals located inside the nucleus E). In orbitals that surround the nucleus

Answer 27

e). In orbitals that surround the nucleus

Question 28

An electrically neutral atom has an atomic number of 6 and an atomic mass of 14. This atom has ____ protons, ____ neutrons, and ____ electrons.

Answer 28

6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons

Question 29

Where is most (almost all) of the mass of an atom lcoated?

Answer 29

Nucleus

Question 30

A neutral atom has no net electrical charge. Why? A). there are equal numbers of electrons and neutrons in the atom B). there are equal numbers of protons and neutrons in the atom C). there are equal numbers of protons and electrons in the atom D). the atomic mass and the atomic number are equal

Answer 30

C). there are equal numbers of protons and electrons in an atom

Question 31

Within an atom, _________ and _______ have nearly equal masses, while _________ have a much smaller mass.

Answer 31

protons; neutrons; electrons

Question 32

An atom has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons. This atom has an atomic number of ____, an atomic mass of _________, and an overall charge of

Answer 32

11; 23; +1

Question 33

Atoms, in which the number of electron does not equal the number of protons, are called ________.

Answer 33

ions

Question 34

An atom's electrons are typically found in regions called _______; those regions can be found at varying distances from the nucleus.

Answer 34

orbitals

Question 35

In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to which of the following? A). the atomic number B). the atomic mass C). the atomic number minus the atomic mass D). the atomic mass minus the atomic number

Answer 35

A). the atomic number

Question 36

A cation has a net ____ charge, while an anion has a net ____ charge.

Answer 36

positive, negative

Question 37

If an atom gains or loses a(n) ______, it acquires a net electrical charge and becomes an ion.

Answer 37

electron

Question 38

Within an atom, where are electrons found? A). evenly distributed throughout the atom B). in the nucleus C). in orbitals that surround the nucleus D). concentrated at one end of the atom with the nucleus at the opposite end E). in orbitals located inside the nucleus

Answer 38

C). in orbitals that surround the nucleus

Question 39

A sodium atom that has lost an electron and has an overall positive charge is an example of which of the following?

Answer 39

Cation

Question 40

C12, C13, and C14 are examples of different _______.

Answer 40

Isotopes

Question 41

Atoms with a net negative charge are known as _______, whereas atoms with a net positive charge are known as ____________.

Answer 41

anions, cations

Question 42

Which of the following defines isotopes that are unstable and tend to break apart into elements with lower atomic numbers while releasing a significant amount of energy? A). Electronegative B). Molecular C). Radioactive

Answer 42

C). Radioactive

Question 43

Atoms, in which the number of electrons does not equal the number of protons, are called ______.

Answer 43

ions

Question 44

A chlorine atom that has gained an electron and has an overall negative charge is an example of a(n) ____________.

Answer 44

anion

Question 45

During radioactive decay, an atom typically breaks up into elements with which of the following?

Answer 45

Lower atomic numbers

Question 46

C12, C13, and C14 are A). different molecules which contain different amounts of C B). different elements of the same isotope C). different isotopes of the same element

Answer 46

C). different isotopes of the same element

Question 47

The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by the number and configuration of its _________.

Answer 47

electrons

Question 48

__________ isotopes, such as C14, are unstable and tend to break apart into elements with lower atomic numbers while releasing a significant amount of energy.

Answer 48

Radioactive or Radio

Question 49

Chemical reactions that involve a transfer of electrons from one atom to another are called ________ reactions.

Answer 49

redox, reduction-oxidation, or oxidation-reduction

Question 50

How are ions formed?

Answer 50

Ions are formed when atoms lose or gain one or more electrons

Question 51

When a larger atom breaks apart into smaller atoms, along with the release of a significant amount of energy, this is referred to as which of the following? A). Ionization B). Dissociation C). Radioactive decay D). Ionic decay

Answer 51

Radioactive decay

Question 52

Valence electrons and their interactions determine the ____ properties of an element.

Answer 52

chemical

Question 53

The number and configuration of electrons determines an element's ____. A). chemical properties B). isotopic properties C). radioactivity

Answer 53

chemical properties

Question 54

This question refers to elements in the main groups of the periodic table. According to the octet rule, if an atom's first energy level is the outermost shell then it is stable with ____ electrons and if an atom has any other energy level as its outermost shell then it is stable ____ electrons.

Answer 54

two, eight

Question 55

Redox reactions involve a transfer of _____ from one atom to another.

Answer 55

electrons

Question 56

Atoms, in which the number of electrons does not equal the number of protons, are called

Answer 56

ions

Question 57

Four most abundant elements in living organism

Answer 57

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Question 58

Where are the valence electrons found?

Answer 58

In the outermost energy level only

Question 59

Atoms are chemically the most stable when which of the following occurs? A). their outer shell is full B). they have six electrons in their outermost shell C). they reside in the middle of the periodic table D). neutrons and electrons are in equal numbers

Answer 59

A). Their outer shell is full

Question 60

Chemical reactions that involve a transfer of electrons from one atom to another are called ______ reactions.

Answer 60

oxidation-reduction, redox, reduction-oxidation

Question 61

A group of atoms held together by chemical bonds in a stable association is called which of the following? A). molecule B). ion C). isotope D). crystal

Answer 61

A). molecule

Question 62

Sharing of electrons is what type of bond or interaction

Answer 62

Covalent bond

Question 63

Attraction between oppositely charged atoms is which type of bond or interaction/

Answer 63

Ionic bond

Question 64

The attraction between a covalently bound H atom with a slight positive charge and another covalently bound atom wit a slight negative charge is which type of bond or interaction?

Answer 64

Hydrogen bond

Question 65

Nonpolar regions of molecules are forced together in order to minimize contact with water molecules which type of bond or interaction?

Answer 65

Hydrophobic interaction

Question 66

Weak attraction between atoms due to oppositely polarized electron clouds is with water molecules is which type of bond or interaction

Answer 66

Van der Waals attraction

Question 67

Elements, such as zinc and iodine, which are found in very small amounts in living things, but play crucial roles in biological processes, are known as which of the following? A). trace elements B). essential elements C). inorganic elements

Answer 67

A). trace elements