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Theories Of Personality > Chapter 2: Sigmund Freud > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Sigmund Freud Flashcards

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1
Q

Freiberg, Moravia

A

Freud’s birthplace, now part of the Czech Republic

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2
Q

Jacob & Amalie Nathanson Freud

A

Freud’s parents

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3
Q

Vienna, Austria

A

Freud’s home for nearly 80 years

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4
Q

Julius

A

Freud’s brother who died at 6 months of age, Freud was jealous of him; Freud harbored an unconscious wish for his death

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5
Q

University of Vienna Medical School

A

Where Freud studied

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6
Q

Why Freud didn’t continue his work

A

As a jew, he believed his opportunities for academic achievement would be limited
His father became less able to provide monetary aid

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7
Q

General Hospital of Vienna

A

Where Freud worked for 3 years, becoming familiar with the practice of various branches of medicine, including psychiatry and nervous diseases

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8
Q

Jean-Martin Charcot

A

French Neurologist that Freud worked with for 4 months. Freud learned the hyptonic technique for treating hysteria

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9
Q

Hysteria

A

Disorder characterized by paralysis on the improper functioning of certain parts of the body

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10
Q

Josef Breuer

A

Viennese physician who taught Freud about catharsis

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11
Q

Catharsis

A

The process of removing hysterical symptoms through talking them out

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12
Q

Free Association Technique

A

Discovered while using catharsis; replaced hypnosis as his principal therapeutic technique

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13
Q

Reasons why Freud abandoned the Seduction Theory

A

The seduction theory had not enabled him to successfully treat even a single patient.
A great number of fathers would have to be accused of sexual perversion because hysteria was common even among Freud’s siblings
Freud believed the unconscious mind could probably not distinguish reality from fiction
The unconscious memory of advanced psychotic patients almost never revealed early childhood sexual experiences

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14
Q

Books written by Freud

A 
Interpretation of Dreams
Psychopathology of Everyday Life
Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality
Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious
On Dreams
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15
Q

Wednesday Psychological Society

A

Former name of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society

Freud, Adler, Stekel, Kahane, & Reitler were original members

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16
Q

Carl Jung

A

Designated the Crown Prince and the Man of the Future

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17
Q

Two levels of mental life

A

Conscious and unconscious

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18
Q

Two levels of the unconscious

A

Unconscious and Preconscious

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19
Q

Unconscious

A

Contains all those drives, urges, or instincts that are beyond our awareness but nevertheless motivate most of our words, feelings, and actions

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20
Q

Dreams

A

Serve as a particularly rich source of unconscious material

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21
Q

To enter the conscious level of the mind

A

Unconscious images must be disguised to slip past the primary censor and elude a final censor that watches the passageway between the preconscious and the conscious

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22
Q

Punishment and suppression

A

Create feelings of anxiety which in turn stimulates repression

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23
Q

Repression

A

The forcing of unwanted, anxiety-ridden experiences into the nconscious as a defense against the pain of that anxiety

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24
Q

Phylogenetic endowment

A

Freud’s term for inherited unconscious images

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25
Preconscious level of the Mind
Contains elements that are not conscious but can become conscious either quite readily or with some difficulty
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Sources of Preconscious Images
Conscious Perceptions and Unconscious
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How ideas reach consciousness
Perceptual conscious system and within the mental structure and includes nonthreatening ideas from thepreconscious as well as menacing but well-disguised images from the unconscious
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Id
Sole function is to seek pleasure; serves the pleasure principle; unrealistic, illogical and can simultaneously entertain incompatible ideas; primitive, chaotic, inaccessible to the consciousness, unchangeable, amoral, illogical, unorganized, and filled with energy received from basic drives and discharged for the satisfaction of the pleasure principle; operates through the primary process
29
Ego
Only regiono f the mind in contact with reality; grows out of the id; Governed by the reality principle; partly conscious, partly preconscious, and partly unconscious; tries to reconcile the blind, irrational claims of the id and the superego with the realistic demands of the external world
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Defense Mechanisms
Defends the ego against anxiety
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Superego
Represents the moral and ideal aspects of personality and is guided by the moralistic and idealistic principles; has no contact with the outside world; unrealistic in its demands for perfection
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Subsystems of the Superego
Conscience and the Ego Ideal
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Conscience
Results from experiences with punishments for improper behavior and tells us what we should not do
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Ego Ideal
Develops from experiences with rewards for proper behavior and tell us what we should do
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Drive
Operate as a constant motivational force; cannot be avoided through flight; characterized by impetus, source, aim, and object
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Groups of Drives
Sex (Eros) and aggression | Thanatos (Distraction)
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Libido
SEx drive
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Impetus
Amount of force a drive exerts
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Source of the Drive
The region of the body in a state of excitation or tension
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Aim of the Drive
To seek pleasure by removing that excitation or reducing the tension
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Object of a drive
The person or thing that serves as a means through which the aim is satisfied
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Erogenous Zones
Areas of the body capable of producing sexual pleasure
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Primary Narcissism
Self-centerness of infants with their libido invested exclusively on their own ego
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Secondary Narcissism
When libido is redirected back to the ego and become preoccpied with personal appearance and other self-interests
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Sadism
The need for sexual pleasure by inflicting pain or humiliation on another person
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Masochism
Becomes a perversion when Eros becomes subservient to the destructive drive; experience sexual pleasure from suffering pain and humiliation inflicted either by themselves or by others
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Aggression
The aim is to return an organism to an inorganic state
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Anxiety
Felt, affective, unpleasant state accompanied by a physical sensation that warns a person against impending danger; ego preserving mechanism, self-regulating
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Kinds of Anxiety According to Freud
Neurotic Anxiety Moral Anxiety Realistic Anxiety
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Neurotic Anxiety
Apprehension about an unknown danger; feeling itself exists in the ego, but it originates from id impulses
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Moral Anxiety
Stems from the conflict between the ego and the superego
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Realistic Anxiety
Closely related to fear; an unpleasant, nonspecific feeling involving a possible danger
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Defense Mechanisms
Used to avoid dealing directly with sexual and aggressive implosives and to defend itself against the anxiety that accompanies them
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Types of Defense Mechanisms
Repression, Reaction Formation, Displacement, Fixation, Regression, Projection, Introjection, and Sublimation
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Repression
Forcing threatening feelings into the unconscious
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What happens to impulses after they become unconscious, according to Freud?
Impulses can remain unchanged in the unconscious They force their way into consciousness in an unaltered form They are expressed in displaced or disguised forms
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Reaction Formation
Adopting a disguise that is directly opposite its original form
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Displacement
Redirecting unacceptable urges onto a variety of people or objects so that the original impulse is disguised or concealed
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Fixation
Remaining at the present, more comfortable psychological stage
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Regression
Reverting to earlier, safer, more securer and to inverst thepatterns of behavioir libido onto more primitive and familiar objects
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Projection
Seeing in others unacceptable feelings or tendencies that actually reside in one's own unconscious
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Introjection
When people incorporate positive qualities of another person into their own ego
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Sublimation
Repression of the genital aim of Eros by substituting a cultural or social aim
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Stages of Development
Infantile Stage Latency Stage Genital Stage
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Stages within the infantile Stage
Oral Stage Anal Stage Phallic Stage
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Oedipal Stage
When a child desires sexual union with one parent while harboring hostility for the other
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Dreams & Freudian Slips
Disguised means of expressing unconscious impulses
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Freudian Slips
Parapraxes, reveal unconscious intention of the person
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Freud & Concept of Humanity
Determinism - Freud believed behavior is determined by past events; behaviors are rooted in unconscious strivings that lie beyond present awareness Pessimistic - innate death wish drives us towards self-destruction or aggression Causality - people constantly attempt to reduce tension; to relieve anxieties; to repress unpleasant experiences; to regress to earlier more secure stages of development; and to compulsively repeat behaviors that are familiar and safe Unconscious - motivations underlying our actions are deeply embedded in our unconscious and are frequently different from what we believe them to be Biological Influences - Many infantile fantasies and anxieties are rooted in biology Uniqueness - individual experiences shape people in a somewhat unique manner and account for many of the difference between personalities
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Free Association
Patients are required to verbalize every thought that comes to mind no matter now irrelevant or repugnant it may appear
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Transference
The strong sexual or aggressive feelings, positive or negative, that patients develop toward their analyst during the course of treatment
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Negative Transference
Comes in the form of hostility; must be recognized by therapist and explained to patients so they can overcome any resistance to treatment
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Resistance
A variety of unconscious responses used by patients to block their own progress in therapy, can be a positive sign because it indicates that therapy has advanced beyond superficial material
74
Dream Analysis
Transforming the manifest content of dreams to the more important latent content
75
Manifest Content
Surface meaning or the conscious description given by the dreamer
76
Latent Content
Unconscious material of dreams

Theories Of Personality (4 decks)

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