Chapter 2 - Terminology Flashcards
cell membrane
surrounds and protects cell. regulates what passes in and out
nucleus
controls the operations of the cell
chromosomes
rod-like structures within the nucleus
23 pairs (46 chromosomes)
genes
contained within the chromosome
each gene contains a chemical called DNA
Karyotype
photograph of an individual’s chromosomes arranged by size, shape and number.
Can detect down syndrome
cytoplasm
includes all of the materials outside of the nucleus and enclosed by the cell membrane
mitrochondria
small sausage-shaped bodies that provide the principal source of energy for the cell.
Use nutrients and oxygen to release energy that is stored in the food (catabolism)
catabolism
chemical process of breaking down complex foods into simpler substances and energy is released by the mitochondria
endoplasmic reticulum
a network of canals within the cell. attached to the endoplasmic reticulum are the ribosomes which build long chains of protein.
anabolism occurring on the endoplasmic reticulum
anabolism + catabolism =
metabolism
Tissues : (4 types)
Epithelial
Muscle Tissue
connective tissue
nerve tissue
epithelial tissue
located all over the body, forms the lining of internal organs, and outer surface of the skin covering the body.
muscle tissue
voluntary muscle is found in the arms and legs and parts of the body where movement is under conscious control.
involuntary muscle found in the heart and digestive system and other organs allow movements that are NOT under conscious control.
Connective tissue
adipose (fat) tissue, cartilage (elastic, fibrous tissue attached to bone). bone and blood
nerve tissue
nerve tissue conducts impulses all over body
Laying on spine
Supine
Laying on belly
prone
right upper quadrant
left upper quadrant
right lower quadrant
left lower quadrant
planes of view
frontal
sagittal
transverse
anterior
front of body
dorsal
back of body
deep
away from the surface of the body
superficial
on the surface of the body
distal
far from the point of attachment to the trunk
