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HLTH 210 > Chapter 2 terms > Flashcards

Chapter 2 terms Flashcards

1
Q

Acute

A

Having a rapid and severe onset, then quickly subsiding.

Brief.

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2
Q

Adaptive immunity

A

The type of protection from disease that develops throughout a lifetime as a person is exposed to diseases or immunized against them.

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3
Q

AIDS

A

A disease of the immune system caused my infection with HIV.

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4
Q

Antibodies

A

A type of protein found in blood or other bodily fluids; used by the immune system to identify and neutralize pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses.

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5
Q

Bacteria

A

One-celled organisms that can cause infection; a common type of pathogen.

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6
Q

Biohazard

A

A biological agent that presents a hazard to the health or well-being of those exposed.

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7
Q

Bloodborne

A

Used to describe a substance carried in the blood (e.g., bloodborne pathogens are pathogens carried through the blood).

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8
Q

Bloodborne pathogents

A

Germs that may be present in human blood or other body fluids that can cause disease in humans.
EX bacteria and viruses

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9
Q

Body Substance Isolation (BSI) precaution

A

Protective measures to prevent exposure to communicable diseases; defines all bodily fluids and substances as infectious.

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10
Q

Chronic

A

Persistent over a long period of time.

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11
Q

Critical Incident Stress

A

Stress triggered by involvement in a serious or traumatic incident.

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12
Q

Debriefing

A

A method of helping people cope with exposure to serious of traumatic events by discussing the emotional impact of the event.

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13
Q

Defusing

A

Similar to debriefing but shorter and less formal; a method of discussing a serious or traumatic event soon afterward; done to help people cope.

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14
Q

Direct Contact

A

Mode of transmission of pathogens that occurs through directly touching infected blood or body fluid, or other agents such as chemicals, drugs or toxins.

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15
Q

Disease-causing agent

A

A pathogen or germ that can cause disease or illness (e.g., a bacterium

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16
Q

Droplet transmission

A

Mode of transmission of pathogens that occurs when a person inhales droplets from an infected person’s cough or sneeze; AKA respiratory droplet transmission.

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17
Q

Engineering controls

A

Control measures that eliminate, isolate or remove a hazard from the workplace; things used in the workplace to help reduce the risk of an exposure.

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18
Q

Exposure

A

An instance in which someone is exposed to a pathogen or has contact with blood of body fluids or objects in the environment that contain disease-causing agents.

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19
Q

Exposure control plan

A

Plan in the workplace that outlines the employer’s protective measures to eliminate or minimize employee exposure incidents.

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20
Q

Hepatitis

A

An inflammation of the liver most commonly caused by viral infection; types include A, B, C, D, and E.

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21
Q

HIV

A

A virus that weakens the body’s immune system, leading to life-threatening infections; causes AIDS.

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22
Q

Homeostasis

A

A constant state of balance or well-being of the body’s internal systems that is continually and automatically adjusted.

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23
Q

Immune System

A

The body’s complex group of body systems that is responsible for fighting disease.

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24
Q

Indirect contact

A

Mode of transmission of a disease caused by touching of a contaminated object.

25
Infection
A condition caused by disease-producing microorganisms, called pathogens or germs, in the body
26
Infectious disease
disease caused by the invasion of the body by a pathogen - bacterium virus, fungus or parasite.
27
Innate immunity
The type of protection from disease with which humans are born. Also refers to the natural barriers that our body has - skin and mucous membranes.
28
Lividity
Purplish color in the lowest-lying parts of a recently dead body, caused by pooling of blood.
29
Meningitis
A inflammation of the meninges, the thin/protective coverings over the brain and spinal cord, caused by virus or bacteria.
30
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
A Staph bacterium that can cause infection; difficult to treat because of its resistance to many antibiotics.
31
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB)
A type of tuberculosis that is resistant to some of the most effective anti-TB drugs.
32
Neeldestick
A penetrating would from a needle or other sharp object; may result in exposure to pathogens through contact with blood or other body fluids.
33
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Federal Agency whose role is to promote the safety and health of American workers by setting an enforcing standards; providing training, outreach and education; establishing partnerships; and encouraging continual process improvement in workplace safety and health.
34
Opportunistic Infections
Infections that strike people whose immune systems are weakened.
35
Pandemic Influenza
A respiratory illness caused by virulent human influenza A virus; spreads easily and sustainabily and can cause global outbreaks of serious illness in humans.
36
Passive Immunity
The type of immunity gained from external sources such as from a mother's breast milk to an infant.
37
Pathogen
A term used to describe a germ; a disease-causing agent (e.g., bacterium or virus).
38
Personal Protective Equipment
PPE Al specialized clothing, equipment and supplies that keep the user from directly contacting infected materials; includes gloved, gowns, masks, shields and protective eyewear.
39
Severe acute repiratory symdrome (SARS)
A viral respiratory illness causes by the SARS-assosciated coronavirus (SARS-CoV).
40
Standard precautions
Safety measures, including BSI and universal precautions, taken to prevent occupational-risk exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials; assumes that all body fluids, secretions and excretions (except sweat) are potentially dangerous.
41
Stress
The body's normal response to any situation that changes a person's existing mental, physical or emotional balance.
42
Sudden death
An unexpected, natural death; usually used to describe death from a sudden cardiac event.
43
Tuberculosis (TB)
A bacterial infection that usually attacks the lungs.
44
Universal precautions
A set of precautions designed to prevent transmission of HIV, hepatitis B and other bloodborne pathogens when providing care; considers blood and certain body fluids of all patients potentially infectious.
45
Vector-borne transmission
Transmission of a pathogen that occurs when an infectious source, such as an animal or insect bite or sting, penetrates the body's skin.
46
Virus
A common type of pathogen that depends on other organisms to live and reproduce; can be difficult to kill.
47
Work practice controls
Control measures that reduce the likelihood of exposure by changing the way the task is carried out.
48
Diseases and conditions of VIRUSES
Hepatitis, measles, mumps, chicken pox, meningitis, rubella, influenza, warts, colds, herpes, HIV, genital warts, smallpox, Avian flu.
49
Diseases and conditions of BACTERIA
Tetanus, meningitis, scarlet fever, strep throat, tuberculosis, gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, toxic shock syndrome, Legionnaires' disease, diphtheria, food poisoning, lyme disease, anthrax
50
Diseases and conditions of FUNGI
Athlete's foot, ringworm, histoplasmosis.
51
Diseases and conditions of PROTOZA
Malaria, dysentery, cyclspora, giadiasis
52
Diseases and conditions of RICKETTSIA
Typhus, Rocky mountain spotted fever
53
Diseases and conditions of PARASITIC WORMS
Abdominal pain, anemia, lymphatic vessel blockage, lowered antibody response, respiratory and circulatory complications
54
Diseases and conditions of PRIONS
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) or bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease)
55
Diseases and conditions of YEASTS
Candidiasis (AKA thrush)
56
The four conditions that must be met in order for a disease to spread
1. Present - a pathogen must be present 2. Quantity - a sufficient amount of the pathogen must be present 3. Entry site - the pathogen must pass through the correct entry site. 4. Susceptible - a person must be susceptible to the pathogen
57
Hepatitis B - how is it transmitted?
Direct and indirect contact | Blood, semen
58
Hepatitis C
Direct and indirect contact | Blood, semen
59
HIV
Direct and possibly indirect contact | Blood, semen, vaginal fluid.

HLTH 210 (30 decks)

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