Chapter 2- Terms Pertaining to the body as a Whole

Question 1

Catabolism

Answer 1

the process of breaking down substances to release energy

Question 2

Cell

Answer 2

the fundamental unit of all unit of all animals and plants

Question 3

DNA

Answer 3

each gene is composed of a regulatory chemical; deoxyribonucleic acid, is the carrier of genetic information

Question 4

disk(disc)

Answer 4

Pad of cartilage between vertebrae

Question 5

Organs

Answer 5

Groups of different kinds of tissue combine

Question 6

Lumbar

Answer 6

Right and left middle regions near the waist

Question 7

hypochondriac

Answer 7

Right and left upper regions beneath the ribs

Question 8

Inguinal

Answer 8

Right and left lower regions near the groin, also called the iliac regions

Question 9

hypogastric

Answer 9

middle lower region below the umbilical region

Question 10

epigastric

Answer 10

Middle upper region above the stomach

Question 11

digestive system

Answer 11

system includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Question 12

anteroposterior

Answer 12

from the front to the back of the body; anter/o means front; poster/o means back

Question 13

Cephalic

Answer 13

pertaining to the head

Question 14

Coccygeal

Answer 14

pertaining to the tailbone

Question 15

Anterior(Ventral)

Answer 15

front of the body

Question 16

Posterior

Answer 16

back of the body

Question 17

Deep

Answer 17

away from surface

Question 18

Superficial

Answer 18

on the surface

Question 19

proximal

Answer 19

near the the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure

Question 20

distal

Answer 20

far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from beginning of a structure

Question 21

Inferior

Answer 21

Below another structure

Question 22

Superior

Answer 22

Above another structure

Question 23

medial

Answer 23

pertaining to the middle, or nearer the medial plane

Question 24

lateral

Answer 24

pertaining to the side

Question 25

supine

Answer 25

lying on the back

Question 26

prone

Answer 26

lying on the belly

Question 27

Frontal(Coronal)Plane

Answer 27

Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions

Question 28

Sagittal(lateral)Plane; midsagittal

Answer 28

lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions

Question 29

Transverse(axial)plane

Answer 29

horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions

Question 30

anatomic position

Answer 30

the position of reference used to describe body directions and planes

Question 31

Cervical(C)

Answer 31

neck region; C1-C7

Question 32

Thoracic

Answer 32

Chest region; T1-T12; each bone is joined to a rib

Question 33

Lumbar(L)

Answer 33

Loin(waist) or flank region; between the rib and hipbone; L1-L5

Question 34

Sacrum(S)

Answer 34

five bones fused to form one bone, sacrum; S1-S5

Question 35

Coccygeal

Answer 35

the coccyx (tailbone) 5 bones fused to form one bone

Question 36

Spinal column

Answer 36

bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity

Question 37

Spinal cord

Answer 37

nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

Question 38

RUQ

Answer 38

right upper quadrant

Question 39

LUQ

Answer 39

left upper quadrant

Question 40

RLQ

Answer 40

right lower quadrant

Question 41

LLQ

Answer 41

Left lower quadrant

Question 42

Umbilical region

Answer 42

central region near the navel

Question 43

diaphragm

Answer 43

muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities

Question 44

mediastinum

Answer 44

centrally located space outside of and between the lungs

Question 45

peritoneum

Answer 45

double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity

Question 46

pleura

Answer 46

double- folded membrane surrounding the lungs

Question 47

thyroid gland

Answer 47

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

Question 48

pituitary gland

Answer 48

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

Question 49

larynx

Answer 49

"voice box" located at the upper part of the trachea

Question 50

pharynx

Answer 50

throatr

Question 51

adipose tissue

Answer 51

collection of fat cells

Question 52

histologist

Answer 52

specialist in the study of tissue

Question 53

cell membrane

Answer 53

the part of the cell that regulates what passes into and out of the cell

Question 54

genes

Answer 54

regions of DNA within each chromosome

Question 55

chromosomes

Answer 55

rodlike structures within the nucleus

Question 56

mitochondria

Answer 56

sausage shaped bodies within the cytoplasm where catabolism takes place; the substance of a cell that contains the specialized apparatus to supply the chemical needs of the cell

Question 57

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 57

the network of canals within the cytoplasm where proteins are manufactured for use in the cell

Question 58

nucleus

Answer 58

directs cell division and determines the structure and function of the cell