Chapter 2 - Terms to know

Question 1

Bacteria

Answer 1

Microscopic organisms that only have one cell

Question 2

Antibiotics

Answer 2

Used to treat and prevent bacterial infections

Question 3

Plasmid in bacteria

Answer 3

Carry genes to copy their DNA

Question 4

Flagellum in bacteria

Answer 4

Enables movement

Question 5

Peptidoglycan in bacteria

Answer 5

Structural element in the cell wall

Question 6

Pili in bacteria

Answer 6

Cell attachment during DNA transfer

Question 7

Capsule in bacteria

Answer 7

Protecting bacteria from toxic compounds

Question 8

Obligate aerobe

Answer 8

Needs oxygen to obtain energy

Question 9

Facultative aerobe

Answer 9

Can live or without oxygen

Question 10

Obligate anaerobe

Answer 10

Can’t live in the presence of oxygen

Question 11

Binary fission

Answer 11

Division of one parent cell into two daughter cells

Question 12

Transformation

Answer 12

Cells taking pieces of DNA from the environment

Question 13

Conjugation

Answer 13

Two cells join to exchange genetic information

Question 14

Endospores

Answer 14

Spores that form within the bacteria

Question 15

Bacteriophage

Answer 15

Inject their genetic information into their host

Question 16

Lysis

Answer 16

Occurs when the host cell ruptures

Question 17

Lysogeny

Answer 17

When the viral DNA can stay in a dormant state

Question 18

Eukaryotes

Answer 18

Nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Question 19

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Answer 19

Two membranes, internal membranes are similar to their ancestral prokaryote, internal chromosomes, reproduce with binary fission, originated through endosymbiosis

Question 20

Endosymbiosis

Answer 20

A single-celled organism living within another organism

Question 21

Haploid

Answer 21

Cells that contain half of the usual genetic information

Question 22

Diploid

Answer 22

Cells that contain two of every chromosome

Question 23

Spore

Answer 23

A cell that certain fungi, plants, and bacteria produce

Question 24

Gametes

Answer 24

Organisms reproductive cells

Question 25

Sporophyte

Answer 25

Multicellular diploid

Question 26

Gametophyte

Answer 26

Sexual phase in the life cycle of plants and algae

Question 27

Vaccine

Answer 27

Mixture containing weakened viruses so your body gets used to fighting it off. If your body gets a virus, it now has a memory of how to fight it off

Question 28

Viroid

Answer 28

Small infectious piece of RNA that is responsible for diseases in plants

Question 29

Prion

Answer 29

Abnormally shaped protein that causes disease in mammals (mad cow disease)

Question 30

Sporulation

Answer 30

DNA can survive in a dormant state when conditions are unfavourable