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AP Psychology > Chapter 2 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Test Flashcards

1
Q

What does phrenology focus on?

A

Phrenology focuses on the shape and size of the head, as an indicator of character and mental abilities.

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2
Q

What is the biological perspective?

A

The body and mind are thought to be connected in the biological perspective.

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3
Q

What do psychologists in the biological perspective like to study?

A

Psychologists in the biological perspective like to study how genes affect behavior.

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4
Q

What does it mean when psychologists say people are biopsychosocial?

A

Psychologists mean that biological, psychological, and social factors play a role in human functioning.

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5
Q

What are the parts of the neuron?

A

The parts of the neuron are the cell body, the axon, the dendrites, the action potential, the myelin sheath, and the terminal branches of the axon.

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6
Q

What is the cell body?

A

The cell body is the cell’s life support center.

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7
Q

What are dendrites?

A

Dendrites are branches that RECEIVE messages from other cells.

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8
Q

What are axons?

A

Axons are branches that pass messages away from the cell body to other neurons.

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9
Q

What are the terminal branches of the axon?

A

The terminal branches of the axon form junctions with other cells.

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10
Q

What is action potential?

A

Action potential is an electrical signal traveling down the axon.

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11
Q

What is multiple sclerosis and how do you get it?

A

Multiple sclerosis is a condition where people experience difficulty walking and inability to rapidly move as a result of the degeneration of the myelin sheath.

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12
Q

How is action potential generated?

A

Action potential is generated by a neuron in response to a chemical signal from neighboring neurons or when stimulated by senses.

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13
Q

What is the resting potential of an axon?

A

Resting potential occurs when the fluid outside an axon’s membrane has positively charged ions and the fluid within an axon has negatively charged ions.

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14
Q

What is a threshold?

A

A threshold is the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse.

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15
Q

What is a synapse?

A

A synapse is the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron.

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16
Q

What is a neurotransmitter?

A

A neurotransmitter is a chemical messenger that crosses the synaptic gap between neurons.

17
Q

Where are neurotransmitters from?

A

Neurotransmitters are from axon terminals.

18
Q

What is reuptake?

A

Reuptake is the neurotransmitter’s reabsorption by the sending neuron.

19
Q

What is acetycholine or ACh?

A

ACh plays a role in learning and memory.

20
Q

What does ACh do?

A

ACh is the messenger at every junction between motor neurons. It contracts motor receptors.

21
Q

What are endorphins?

A

Endorphins are neurotransmitters linked to pain control and pleasure.

22
Q

Which neurotransmitter is linked to schizophrenia?

A

Dopamine is linked to schizophrenia.

23
Q

What is serotonin linked to?

A

Serotonin is linked to depression.

24
Q

What are the major divisions of the nervous system?

A

The major divisions of the nervous system is the peripheral and central nervous system.

25
Q

What does the central nervous system do?

A

The CNS makes the major decisions within the body.

26
Q

What do sensory neurons do?

A

Sensory neurons carry messages from the body’s tissues and sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord for processing.

27
Q

What do motor neurons do?

A

Motor neurons carry instructions from CNS out to body muscles.

28
Q

How do you strengthen synaptic connections?

A

Synaptic connections are stronger when the neurons are closer together.

29
Q

What is a reflex?

A

A reflex is an automatic response to a sensory stimulus.

30
Q

What do hormones affect?

A

Hormones affect things like sex drive,

31
Q

What is the brainstem?

A

Otherwise known as the “old brain”, the brainstem contains the medulla which controls heartbeat and breathing.

32
Q

What are glial cells?

A

Glial cells nourish support, and protect neurons.

33
Q

What is the sensory cortex critical for?

A

The sensory cortex is critical for registering and processing body touch and movement sensation.

34
Q

What is the pituitary gland?

A

A gland that regulates growth and secretes hormones to influence other glands.

35
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland.

36
Q

What is an electroencephalogram?

A

An electroencephalogram is an amplified readout of electrical brain activity in waves.

37
Q

What is a PET scan?

A

A PET scan depicts brain activity by showing each brain’s area’s consumption of its chemical fuel, glucose.

38
Q

Where is the reward center?

A

The reward center is within the hypothalamus.

AP Psychology (3 decks)

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