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Eco/Evo > Chapter 2 Test Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Test Vocab Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

Community Ecology

A

Interactions among different species

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2
Q

Cost/Benefit Anaylsis

A

2 different species can be cataorgized by considering the cost/benefit to each species

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3
Q

Neutral Interactions

A

No cost or benefit to either

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4
Q

Positive Interactions

A

Both parties benefit

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5
Q

Positive Negative Interactions

A

Both experience some cost
ex. Competition

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6
Q

One-Sided Interactions

A

One benefits, while the other suffers
ex. predation, parasitism, competition

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7
Q

Competition

A

When 2 or more organisms use a common resource that is in LIMITED SUPPLY
Can be inter/intra specific

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8
Q

Interference Competition

A

There is a direct interaction between competitors

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9
Q

Exploitative Competation

A

Indirect, when the limited resource is consumed by one of the competitors

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10
Q

Gause’s Principal

A

2 species with identical ecological requirements cannot occupy the dame environment

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11
Q

Competitive Exclusion principal

A

The same as gause’s principal

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12
Q

Diffuse Competition

A

Compounding cost of low intensities

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13
Q

Exclusion

A

When ne of the competitors is no longer able to physically exist in the environment in question

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14
Q

Resource Partitioning

A

When competitors partition the common resource into different, specific resources. Not sharing,
Requires a change in a trait of 1 or both competitors
Character displacement-morphology is changed.

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15
Q

Symbiosis

A

Intimate/protracted association between 2 or more different species

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16
Q

Endosymbiosis

A

When the association involves on the organisms living within the the other

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17
Q

Mutualism

A

Both parties benefit

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18
Q

Commensalism

A

One party benefits and nothing happens to the other

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19
Q

Parasitism

A

One acquires nutrients from 1 party to enhance fitness. Doesn’t want to kill its host as it feeding, but may happen. Can be symbiotic

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20
Q

Coevolution

A

Certain traits of each species evolve in response to the traits of the other.

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21
Q

Seed-Dispersers

A

Animal’s that disperse seeds for trees.

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22
Q

Microparasitisms

A

Small
Ex. Viruses, Fungi, Bacteria, Protists, and Prions

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23
Q

Macroparasitisms

A

Large Parasites

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24
Q

Social Parasitism

A

When one organism is parasitically dependent upon organization of another.

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25
Brood Parasitism
imposing care of eggs/young onto surrogate parents
26
Klepto Parasitism
Forcible theft of prey by the parasite from the host.
27
Trophic Ecology
Ecology of Feeding
28
Predator
An organism that subdues and consumes another living organism as a source of energy
29
Detritivores
Organisms that consume dead organic material
30
Scavengers
Animal that consumes dead animals subdued by others.
31
Decomposers
Organism that breakdown dead organic material into elemental components.
32
Omnivores
Any organism that consumes material from more then 1 kingdom
33
Carnivores
Consumes animal tissue and subdue
34
Cannibals
eat their own kind
35
Herbivores
Eat plant material
36
Prey
An organism thats consumed by another organism
37
Lotka-Volterra Predation Model
Dependent on predator prey dynamic are the only driving force regulating populations Populations will ocellate in a cycle over time.
38
Plant-Herbivore intereactions
Either parts or entire plant are consumed with a negative effect on the fitness of the plant.
39
Herbivore-carnivore intereactions
Where a carnivore consumes a herbivore.
40
Plant defenses
Noxious Chemicals, Mechanical, Repellents, Reproductive Inhibition, Predator Satiation, Defensive Associations.
41
Succession
By precenting certain plants from establishing ecosystem functions, function of plants will be determined by their composition and fitness.
42
Noxious Chemicals
Quantitative: Substance ingested in large amount the prevent digestion. Qualitative: Toxic substance that when ingested in small amounts cause death
43
Mechanical Defenses
Thorns, Spikes, conifers, palms
44
Repellents
Substances that repel herbivores without indigestion
45
Reproductive inhibition
Hormone derivatives the prevent sexual development
46
Predator satiation
Production of additional biomass to offset loss to herbivores
47
Defensive associations
When potable plants hang out with un potable plants
48
Warning colors
Advertise that they are unpotable or poisonous
49
camouflage
blending in with the environmental to avoid detection
50
Mimicry
Bastesian mimicry a potable organism mimic a unpotable one. Mullerian Mimicry: 2 or more different unpotable prey mimic each other
51
Armour/Weapons
Physical Protection
52
Intimidation
Scare predators into not eating you
53
Power in numbers
overwhelm predators and reduce chance of selection
54
Ambush
sit and wait
55
Stalk/Trap
animal pursuit
56
Search/Pursue
run em down and eat em
57
Cryptic coloration/Mimicry
look like another organism to get closer to prey
58
Hunting adaptations
Teeth/Claws, heightened sensory capabilities, morphemically booster.
59
Cannibalism
Eating one's own species
60
Food chain/webs
Food chain: a linear diagram that models true flow of energy among different organisms Food Web: a diagram that models the flow of energy among organisms by more than one food chain.
61
Source food webs
Links are drawn up upward from a species that is a basal resource
62
Sink Food webs
links are drawn downward from a species that is considered a top predator
63
Community Food web
Connects everything to everything.
64
Top Down Model
Predation controls community structure, populations trends alternation from one level to another
65
Bottom up model
Nutrients control community structure as they control primary producers. Population trends are all the same
66
Richness
The number of different types of components.
67
Evenness
The relative abundance of all the different types of components
68
Biodiversity
The true richness and evenness among organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur.
69
Structured Diversity
The richness and evenness among different types of components in a system
70
Functional Diversity
Richness and evenness of different roles played by all the different components within a system.
71
Ecological Redundancy
2 or more different species perform a similar function
72
Genetic Diversity
Richness and evenness of genotypes within a particular population or species.
73
Shannon-Weiner diversity Function
Measure of uncertainty
74
H
Index of species diversity
75
S
Number of species
76
P1, P2, P3...
Proportion of total belonging in the species
77
Diversity-Stability Hypothesis
Linear Line
78
Rivet Hypothesis
Sharp drop off, but constant growth
79
Redundancy Hypothesis
Sharp drop off with a plateau
80
Idiosycratic Hypothesis
All over the place because one model cannot describe all of ecology.
81
Habitat Selection
Individual organism select environments where they can achieve fitness
82
Habitat
The environment in which the life needs of an organism are met
83
Macro Habitat
Overall habitat of a community
84
Mircohabitat
A portion of the macrohabitat that directly encountered by an individual or population of a given species.
85
Suitability
Breath, Drink, Acquire Nutrients, Grow, hide, Move, Reproduce.

Eco/Evo (4 decks)

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