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Holistic Anatomy By Pip Waller > Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life > Flashcards

Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

What is the Holistic definition of Energy?

A

The “stuff” that drives every event in the universe.

AKA: Oomph, Zest, Life-force, Chi, Agni, Prana

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2
Q

What is the Western Science definition of Energy?

A

The capacity of a system to do work that is measurable by instruments.

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3
Q

Chemistry is…

A

How Energy arranges itself to form matter.

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4
Q

Energy cannot be destroyed. It can only be ______.

A

Moved or changed from one form to another

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5
Q

Our cells are powered by _____.

A

Electricity of the positive and negative charged particles created through the breakdown of glucose

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6
Q

What is the body’s fuel of choice?

A

Glucose

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7
Q

Neutrons have a _____ charge.

A

Neutral

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8
Q

Name the 3 parts of an atom in size order from Smallest to Largest.

A

Electron
Neutron
Proton

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9
Q

What is a “Chemical Bond”?

A

When atoms come together and share their outermost electrons.

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10
Q

What does the “Zero Point Field” refer to?

A

When studying, Physicists slow things down by adjusting the temperature to absolute zero.

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11
Q

Protons have a _____ charge.

A

Positive

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12
Q

Electrons have a _____ charge.

A

Negative

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13
Q

Elements are…

A

The basic building blocks of all molecular compounds.

They cannot be changed - only combine with other elements to form something new.

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14
Q

Define Anabolism

A

The building up of a chemical bond - which uses free energy.

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15
Q

What is a molecule

A

The result of 2 or more atoms coming together in a chemical bond

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16
Q

What are the 2 opposing forces that must remain in balance to create an effective metabolism?

A

Anabolism (building up)
+
Catabolism (breaking down)

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17
Q

Define Catabolism

A

The breaking down of a chemical bond - which releases free energy

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18
Q

Define Cation

A

A positively charged Ion

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19
Q

Define Anion

A

A negatively charged Ion

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20
Q

What % of body weight is water?

A

60%-70%

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21
Q

Electrolytes are formed when …

A

Ionic Bonds (salts) are broken down in water.

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22
Q

An “ionic bond” is created when …

A

1 atom gives an electron to another atom creating 2 ions

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23
Q

What is an Ion?

A

An atom or molecule with a non-zero charge

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24
Q

What is the human body mostly made of? (List top 7)

A 
Water
Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Calcium
Phosphorous
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25
What is the holistic definition of “alive”?
The living energy of everything. (Plants, animals, rocks,air, mountains, Earth, planets...) Everything is connected and alive regardless of how the cells are split up
26
What is the Western Science definition of alive?
Carbon based plants and creatures that require food for energy, eliminate waste, use energy to grow, reproduce, and are sensitive to and can move within their environment.
27
Every organic being is made up of _____.
Carbon
28
Acids are _____ donors, meaning that they _____.
H+ Give off hydrogen ions.
29
What gives amino acids their unique properties?
R group
30
What type of molecule forms most of our body structure?
Proteins
31
What are the main chemical groups of the body?
Proteins, Fats, Carbohydrates, Vitamins, Minerals
32
What is the main function ofActin and Myosin?
Muscle contraction Cell devision Movement/transport within cells
33
What is Elastin?
Main protein providing elasticity properties to skin, ligaments and connective tissue.
34
What is Keratin?
Main protein in skin hair and nails. Provides waterproof properties.
35
What are the2 main functions of Plasma Proteins?
1. Provide osmotic pressure to the blood | 2. Create pH balance in the blood
36
What is the Salivary Amylase?
An enzyme in saliva of herbivorous animals (including humans) that helps to break down/digest starches
37
How many Amino Acids are there?
20
38
Normal pH fluctuates between _____and _____.
7.3 and 7.5
39
A neutral or base solution has a pH of _____.
7
40
Acidosis is _____ an refers to a pH level that is_____.
Too much acid in the body Less than a pH of 7.3
41
Alkalosis is _____ an refers to a pH level that is_____.
Too much alkaline in the body More than a pH of 7.5
42
What are the 2 appearance based classifications of proteins and how can you tell the difference?
Fibrous = stable, does not break down/change Globular = unstable, breaks down and changes depending on environment (ex: temperature, pH level etc...)
43
What are some examples of Fibrous proteins?
``` Collagen Keratin Elastin Actin Myosin ```
44
What are some examples of Globular Proteins?
``` Protein enzymes Salivary amylase Oxidase enzymes Plasma proteins Insulin Hemoglobin Lipoproteins Growth horomones ```
45
What is Collagen?
Main protein found in all connective tissues including bones, cartilage, tendons and ligaments
46
Define Glycolysis
Glucose being broken down within cells
47
The brain can only use _____ as energy.
Glucose
48
What is Dehydration Synthesis?
Joining of 2 molecules by removing 1 water molecule
49
What is the difference between the polysaccharides Starch and Glycogen?
Starch - how plants store glucose Glycogen - how animals store glucose (liver and muscles)
50
What is an “FOS”?
A “Fructooligosaccharide” - an indigestible carbohydrate or sugar that passes through out digestive system almost unchanged. They are used by the good bacteria in the colon for growth/manipulation
51
What are some benefits and examples of Fructooligosaccharides?
Help absorb nutrients, detox and boost immune system. Examples are bananas, garlic, onion and asparagus.
52
What is a Lipoprotein?
A solvable protein that transports fat and other lipids in the blood plasma
53
What is Hydrolysis?
Splitting 2 molecules by adding 1 molecule of water
54
Name and define the different types of Carbohydrates.
Monosaccharides - simple sugar, “building blocks” found in blood and DNA Disaccharides - double sugar, break down to simple sugars when digested. Examples are Sucrose (cane sugar), Lactose (milk sugar) Polysaccharides - starches, long chains of simple sugars
55
_____ are sugars or large starches that are easily stored and used for energy in the body.
Carbohydrates
56
When not needed immediately, glucose is stored as _____ and where?
Glycogen Int he liver and muscle cells or converted to fat
57
DNA is ...
Genetic material found in cell nucleus which directs how proteins are made
58
Name 4 things that Cholesterol is used to make
Vitamin D Sex hormones Cortisol Bile Salts
59
What is the function of Myelin?
To insulate nerve fibers
60
Phospholipids are used to make _____.
Cell membranes
61
What are the 2 essential fatty acids that our body can NOT make?
Omega 3 | Omega 6
62
What is the molecular makeup of Neutral Fat?
1 glycerol | 3 long chain fatty acids
63
Neutral Fat is found where?
``` Under the skin (subcutaneous) Around organs(to insulate and protect) ```
64
Name 2 vitamins that we do NOT get through food and how they are formed.
Vitamin D - in the skin | Vitamin K - bacteria in the bowel
65
What is a “free radical” and how can we get rid of them.
Free radicals are by products of oxidation that cause tissue damage associated with cancer formation and aging We can get rid of them through antioxidants
66
Vitamins and Minerals act as _____ to help complete certain tasks
Co-enzymes
67
What is RNA?
“The messenger” - copies a part of DNA to carry out protein synthisis
68
What are the 2 parts of the energy “storage - release” cycle when a cell oxidizes with glucose?
ATP - storage | ADP - release
69
Glycolysis is
The breaking down of sugar to release energy
70
You can tell something is an enzyme because it’s name ends in _____.
-are
71
What is an enzyme?
A protein catalyst that accelerates chemical reactions without being changed themselves. 100-1000 amino acids are strung together and then folded a unique way to speed up chemical reactions. Responsible for breaking molecules apart and putting then back together.
72
A cell grows and reproduces through many little chemical reactions made possible by _____.
Enzymes
73
Metabolic rate is determined by ...
The rate at which ATP is made by the cells
74
How does microwave pollution from wireless devices effect the molecules in our body?
Microwaves change the shape of proteins Enzymes are proteins responsible for molecule formation A change in shape of an enzyme can drastically alter our body function
75
What are some examples of Organic Solvents?
``` Acetone Ethanol Methanol Isopropanol Benzene ```
76
Where are Organic Solvents found in the home?
``` Paint thinners Degreasers Nail polish remover Adhesives Pharmaceuticals Personal care products ```
77
In order to be considered “organic”, a molecule must include _____.
Carbon
78
What is a Lipid?
Organic fatty acids that are not solvable in water but are solvable in organic solvents Aka “fat” Examples: Natural oils, waxes, steroids
79
What is Henoglobin?
Red protein that transports oxygen in the blood. Carries oxygen from lungs to the bodies tissues and returns carbon dioxide to the lungs.

Holistic Anatomy By Pip Waller (15 decks)

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