Element vs Compound
An element is composed of only one type of atom and can’t be broken down into a similar chemical substance by physical or chemical means.
A compound is composed of two or more elements chemical combined.
Define mixture
Two or more elements and/or compounds, physically intermingled.
Define a homogenous mixture
You can’t pick out components of a homogenous mixture or use simple mechanic means to separate them
Example: air, sugar water, rain water, vodka, vinegar, dishing detergent
Define a heterogeneous mixture
A mixture where the components of the mixture are not uniform or have localized regions with different properties.
Example: Chicken soup, cereal, blood, soil, pizza
Explain Law of Mass Conservation
The total mass of a substance does not change during a chemical reaction.
MATTER CANNOT BE CREATED OR DESTROYED
Explain Law of Definite/Constant Composition
No matter the source, a pure compound is composed of the same elements in the same parts (fraction) by mass
MASS FRACTION IS FIXED NO MATTER WHAT THE SIZE OF THE SAMPLE
Explain Law of Multiple Proportions
If element A and B react to form two compounds, the different mass of B that combines with the fixed mass of A can be expressed as a ratio of small whole numbers.
14.35g of kaolinitie contains 8.009g oxygen what is the mass percent of oxygen in this sample? What Law is this an example of?
(8.009g/14.35g) x 100 = 55.81%
Law of Constant Proportions
Which pair of substances could be used to illustrate the law of multiple proportions? A. SO2,H2O B. SO, SO2 C. H2O, O2 D. CH4, C6H12O6 E. NaCl, KCl
B. SO, SO2
What did Millikan discover and what was the experiment?
Charge of an electron; Oil Drop
What did JJ Thomas discover and what was his experiment?
An atom is composed of smaller particals;Used magnetic and electric fields to measure mass-to-charge ratio of cathode ray particles.
What did Rutherford discover and what was his experiment?
Most of atom’s empty space is located in the nucleus, which has a ver small volume/dense partial within the atom; gold foil experiment
Define an Isotope
atoms of the element with the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons.
CHANGE IN MASS NUMBER
What is the name of group 1A on the periodic table?
Alkaline Metals
What is the name of group 2A on the periodic table?
Alkaline Earth Metals
What is the name of group 6A on the periodic table?
Chalcogens
What is the name of group 7A on the periodic table?
Halogens
What is the name of group 8A on the periodic table?
Nobel/Rare Gases
What is in an ionic compound?
Metal and Non-Metal
What is the name of the binary compound CrCl3?
Chromium (III) chloride
What is in a molecular compound?
Non-Metal and Non-Metal
Name the seven elements that occur naturally as molecules containing two atoms?
Hydrogen (H2), Nitrogen(N2), Oxygen(O2), Fluorine(F2), Chlorine(Cl2), Bromine(Br2), Iodine(I2)
Name the prefix for 1.
mono-
Name the prefix for 2.
di-
Name the prefix for 3.
tri-
Name the prefix for 4.
tetra-
Name the prefix for 5.
penta-
Name the prefix for 6.
hexa-
Name the prefix for 7.
hepta-
Name the prefix for 8.
octa-
Name the prefix for 9.
nona-
Name the prefix for 10.
deca-
Define a molecular formula.
Give the exact number of each element in a compound.
Example - Glucose: C6H12O6
Define empirical formula.
Gives the lowest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.
Example - Glucose: C1H2O1
What is the name of the compound S2F4?
disulfur tetrafluoride
Define molecular mass.
Sum of atomic masses.