Chapter 2: The living Cells Flashcards
(23 cards)
Cell
The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms
metabolism
the sum of all chemical reactions within the cell
Growth and Reproduction
Cells can grow in size and divide to produce new cells
Response to Stimuli
Cells can respond to external and internal stimuli
Homeostasis
Cells maintain a stable internal environment/ Body at equilibrium
Obtaining and Utilizing Energy
Cells acquire nutrients and convert them into energy
Plasma Membrane
The outer boundary that regulated the passage of substances in and out of the cell
Cytoplasm
The semifluid material inside the cell, containing organelles
Nucleus
The central region containing genetic material (DNA) and the control center of the cell
Ribosomes
Small, non-membrane-bound organelles responsible for protein synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A network of membranes involved in lipid and protein synthesis
Golgi Apparatus
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport
Lysosomes
Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion and waste removal
Mitochondria
Produce ATP (energy) through cellular respiration
Peroxisomes
Contain enzymes for detoxification and lipid metabolism
Cytoskeleton
Provides structural support and facilitates cell movement
Centrosome
Small cylindrical structures within the centrosome, involved in cell division
Nucleus
Contains genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities
Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes)
Biconcave shape maximizes surface area for oxygen transport
Neurons (Nerve Cells)
Long and highly branched to transmit electrical signals over long distances
Sperm Cells
Have a streamlined, elongated shape for efficient swimming
Muscle Cells (myocytes)
Elongated for contraction and force generation
Epithelial Cells
Can have various shapes, such as squamous (flat), cuboidal (cube-shaped), or columnar (column-shaped), based on their functions
