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Bio. Sci 1: General Botany > Chapter 2: The Nature of Life > Flashcards

Chapter 2: The Nature of Life Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

A living matter that shows certain attributes like responsiveness, growth, metabolism, energy, transformation, and reproduction.

A

Life (Sagan, Margulis, & Sagan, 2023)

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2
Q

Two Views of Philosophies on
the Origin of Life

A
  1. Vitalistic View
  2. Mechanistic View
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3
Q

explains life originated from a mysterious force.

A

Vitalistic View

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4
Q

explains life originated from the many physical and chemical reactions that occurred in the early times.

A

Mechanistic View

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5
Q

Theories on the Origin of Life

A
  1. Theory of Divine Creation
  2. Interplanetary Theory
  3. Cosmozoa Theory
  4. Theory of Spontaneous Generation or Abiogenesis Theory
  5. Biotic or Biogenesis Theory
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6
Q

states that life was created by God.

A

Theory of Divine Creation

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7
Q

states that life came from other planets.

A

Interplanetary Theory

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8
Q

states that life came from outer space.

A

Cosmozoa Theory

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9
Q

states that life could be produced from non-living matter like maggots from decaying meats.

A

Theory of Spontaneous Generation or Abiogenesis Theory

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10
Q

states that life came from pre-existing life.

A

Biotic or Biogenesis Theory

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11
Q

The Chemical and Biological Bases of Life:

A

• Simple Molecules
• Simple Organic Compounds
• Complex Organic Compounds
• Nucleoprotein Evolution
• Proto-viruses, early cells
• Development of photosynthesis, aerobic and anaerobic respiration
• Oxygen revolution

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12
Q

is anything that has life, consisting of cells as its basic unit of organization

A

Living Organism (Williams, Friedl, & Cena, 2021)

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13
Q

Functional Characteristics of Living Organisms:

A
  1. Metabolism
  2. Self-perpetuation
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14
Q

Simple molecules:

A

Water, carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia, hydrogen

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15
Q

Simple organic compounds:

A

Monosaccharides, glycerin, fatty acids, amino acids, pyrimidines, purines

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16
Q

Complex organic compounds:

A

Polysaccharides, fats and lipids, nucleotide, nucleic acid

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17
Q

Nucleoprotein evolution:

A

Reproduction, mutation, evolution, nutrition, aggregation

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18
Q

Proto-viruses, early cells:

A

Synthesis, growth, development, internal control

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19
Q

the sum of biochemical reactions within the living organisms.

A

Metabolism

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20
Q

under self-perpetuation are:

A

a. steady state control
b. reproduction
c. adaptation

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21
Q

It permits the organism to receive information within itself and the external environment through stimuli and to act on this information in self-preserving manner in the form of responses.

A

Steady state control

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22
Q

ability to replicate oneself, producing one’s own kind.

A

Reproduction

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23
Q

ability to adapt to the conditions of the environment.

24
Q

Attributes of life:

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Growth
  2. Reproduction
  3. Irritability or responsiveness to stimuli
  4. Metabolism or power of assimilation
  5. Movement
  6. Complexity of organization
  7. Adaptation to the environment
25
described as an “increase in volume” which results from the production of new protoplasm with some variations in form being inherited and others resulting from the responses to environment.
Growth
26
Forms of growth:
1. Intussusception 2. Accretion
27
Forms of growth:
1. Intussusception 2. Accretion
28
resulting from growth of protoplasm.
Intussusception
29
resulting from growth of protoplasm.
Intussusception
30
what is protoplasm?
Growth of organic compounds inside a cell
31
what is protoplasm?
Growth of organic compounds inside a cell
32
resulting from growth of external materials accumulated outside resulting to increase in volume.
Accretion
33
ability to replicate oneself, producing one’s own kind.
Reproduction
34
ability to respond to certain conditions and various stimuli in their environment.
Irritability or responsiveness to stimuli
35
Irritability includes:
a. Phototropism b. Thigmotropism c. Geotropism/Gravitropism d. Chemotropism e. Hydrotropism f. Heliotropism
36
Irritability includes:
a. Phototropism b. Thigmotropism c. Geotropism/Gravitropism d. Chemotropism e. Hydrotropism f. Heliotropism
37
response to light
Phototropism
38
response to touch
Thigmotropism
39
response to gravity
Geotropism/Gravitropism
40
response to chemicals
Chemotropism
41
response to water
Hydrotropism
42
response to the sun
Heliotropism
43
Metabolism or Power of Assimilation occurs for the:
a. Reproduction of new protoplasm b. Repair of damaged parts c. The normal maintenance.
44
types of metabolism:
1. Anabolism 2. Catabolism
45
building up process, like nutrition and synthesis.
Anabolism
46
breaking down process, like digestion, cellular respiration.
Catabolism
47
Important biochemical reactions or metabolic activities:
a. Cellular respiration b. Photosynthesis c. Digestion d. Assimilation
48
energy-releasing process in all organisms.
Cellular respiration
49
energy-harnessing process in green plants.
Photosynthesis
50
conversion of larger molecules to smaller ones.
Digestion
51
conversion of raw materials into protoplasm and other substances.
Assimilation
52
conversion of raw materials into protoplasm and other substances.
Assimilation
53
the ability to move, either stationary or through locomotion.
Movement
54
the complexity of the organization of cells and tissues found in living organisms.
Complexity of organization
55
ability to adapt to the conditions of the environment by: a. Natural selection b. Exhibiting homeostatic response to conditions of environment. c. Changing through mutation
Adaptation to the environment

Bio. Sci 1: General Botany (3 decks)

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