Chapter 2: the periodic table

Question 1

Periods vs Groups of the periodic table

Answer 1

• Rows are called periods and are based on the same principal energy level, n
• Columns are called groups. Elements in the same group have the same valence shell electron configuration

Question 2

The elements of the periodic table belong to one of three types: metals, nonmetals, and metalloids

Answer 2

1. Metals are lustrous, conduct electricity well, and are malleable and ductile. Metals are found on the left side and middle of the PT
2. Nonmetals are dull, poor conductors, and are brittle. Nonmetals are found on the right side of the PT
3. Metalloids possess characteristics of both metals and nonmetals and are found in a stair-step pattern starting with Boron

Question 3

Effective nuclear charge (Z_eff)

Answer 3

The net positive charge experienced by electrons in the valence shell and forms the foundation for all periodic trends

• Z_eff increases from left to right across a period, with little change in the value from top to bottom in a group

Question 4

Atomic radius

Answer 4

Decreases from left to right across a period and increases from top to bottom in a group

Question 5

Ionic radius

Answer 5

The size of a charged species. The largest nonmetallic ionic radii and the smallest metallic ionic radii exist at the metalloid boundary