Chapter 2-Treating And Preventing Diseases Flashcards
(29 cards)
How vaccines work
Small amounts of disease that are dead or deactivated are injected.
White blood cells recognise the foreign microorganisms
Lymphocytes learn the antibodies to be used
These cause the pathogen to clump together
Then phagocytes digest the clump
Your body stores the knowledge of these antibodies
Herd immunity
A large number of the population are immune it stops the spread
Human immune responses
Name 5
Lymphocytes- engulfing white blood cells Stomach acid Phagocytes and their antibodies Raising temp-fever Vomiting diarrhoea Mucus Hair in nose Eyelashes Skin Platelets Comas Crying
Antibodies
Made by white blood cells to destroy pathogens
Antibiotics
Kill bacteria only
Antimicrobials
Umbrella term to kill pathogens
Antiseptics
Kill microorganisms in the environment
Analgesics
Relive pain
Disinfectant
Designed to destroy microorganisms on surfaces
What do antibiotics do?
Burst cell walls
Mark them as a pathogen
Stop cells clumping
Antibiotic resistant bugs reasons
Overuse
Not finish whole causes
Over prescribe
Mutations
Drugs from nature
Willow bark- salicylic acid numbs pain
Beaver tail numbs pain
Penicillin discovery and development
Fleming discovered
Florey and chain developers
Why trial drugs?
Safe
Effective
Stable
Successfully taken in and out of body
Drug trial costs
Production of drug
Harvesting
Paying staff
Compensation
Open trial
Everyone known what treatment you have
Blind trial
Doctors know
Double blind trial
No one but lab tech knows
Three stages of drug testing
Pre clinical
Clinical
Drug sales
Testing a drug phases
Computer models Human tissue samples Animal testing Human trials Sales
Pre clinical
Lab and animal testing
Find out if it’s toxic
Phase one clinical
10-100 volunteers
Low dosage to look for side effects
Phase two clinical
200-400
Working out the best dosage
Phase three clinical
3000+
Placebo use
Blind Trials
