Chapter 2 Vocab Flashcards
(20 cards)
articulatory description
the description of the motion of positioning of the parts of the vocal chords that are responsible for the production of a speech sound
alveolar
sound produced by raising the front of the tongue toward the alveolar ridge
affricate
sound produced by complete obstruction of the airflow followed by a slight release of the obstruction, allowing frication
aspiration
a puff of air that follows the release of a consonant when there is a delay in the onset of voicing
diphthong
a complex vowel, composed of a sequence of two different configurations of the vocal organs
edge tones
a change in fundamental frequency at the end of a phrase
pulmonic egressive airstream mechanism
airstream mechanism that produces speech sounds by modifying the stream of air forced out of the lungs and passed through the oral and/or nasal cavities
fricative
sounds made by forming a nearly complete obstruction of the airstream so that when air passes through the small passage, turbulent airflow is produced
glottis
the space between the vocal folds
nasalized vowels
vowel produced while lowering the velum to allow air to pass through the nasal cavity
stress
a property of syllables; a stressed syllable is more prominent than an unstressed one, due to having greater loudness, longer duration, different pitch , or full vowels
spectrogram
a three-dimensional representation of sound in which the vertical axis represents frequency, the horizontal axis represents time, and the darkness of shading represents amplitude
semivowel (glide)
sound produced with a constriction in the vocal tract that is only slightly more constricted than that of vowels
periodic wave
sound wave that repeats itself at regular intervals
retroflex
sound produced by curling the tip of the tongue back behind the alveolar ridge usually to the top of the mouth
vowel space
range of possible vowel sounds of a language from the high front vowel to the high back vowel; languages and dialects choose a subset of possibilities in the vowel space but do not exploit all possibilities
vocal folds
folds in the muscle in the larynx responsible for creating voiced sounds when they vibrate
palatal
sound made by raising the body of the tongue toward the hard part of the roof of the mouth
sagittal section
a cross section of the human head, designed to show a side view of the vocal anatomy
velar
sound produced by raising the back of the tongue toward the velum
