Chapter 2 Vocab- Anatomy Flashcards
(22 cards)
Adipose
Used for the storage of fat
Areolar connective tissue
Loose, irregularly arranged connective tissue that consists of collagenous and elastic fibers, a protein polysaccharide ground substance, and connective tissue cells.
Atrophy
The wasting away
Axon
the long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells.
Chondrocyte
A cell that has secreted the matrix of cartilage and become embedded in it.
Collagen
the main structural protein found in animal connective tissue, yielding gelatin when boiled.
Connective tissue
tissue that connects, supports, binds, or separates other tissues or organs, typically having relatively few cells embedded in an amorphous matrix, often with collagen or other fibers, and including cartilaginous, fatty, and elastic tissues.
Dendrite
a short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body.
Endocrine
of, relating to, or denoting glands that secrete hormones or other products directly into the blood.
Epithelial tissue
a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity
Exocrine
relating to or denoting glands that secrete their products through ducts opening onto an epithelium rather than directly into the bloodstream.
Gland
an organ in the human or animal body that secretes particular chemical substances for use in the body or for discharge into the surroundings.
Glia
non-neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems
Goblet cell
A column-shaped cell found in the respiratory and intestinal tracts, which secretes the main component of mucus.
Hypertrophy
the enlargement of an organ or tissue from the increase in size of its cells.
Matrix
an environment or material in which something develops; a surrounding medium or structure.
Mitosis
a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.
Neuron
a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell.
Osteon
the fundamental functional unit of much compact bone
Squamous
relating to, consisting of, or denoting a layer of epithelium that consists of very thin flattened cells
Cancer
the disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body.
Cystic fibrosis
a hereditary disorder affecting the exocrine glands. It causes the production of abnormally thick mucus, leading to the blockage of the pancreatic ducts, intestines, and bronchi and often resulting in respiratory infection.
