Chapter 2: Vocabulary

Question 1

AIDS

Answer 1

acronym for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Question 2

Allergen

Answer 2

an environmental substance that causes an allergic reaction

Question 3

allergy

Answer 3

the state when the immune response is too intense or hypersensitive to an environmental substance

Question 4

anoxia

Answer 4

no oxygen

Question 5

antibodies

Answer 5

immunoglobulins that develop that develop in response to an antigen; also called immune bodies; proteins that the body produces to react to and render the antigen harmless

Question 6

Antigens

Answer 6

a cell marker that induces a state of sensitivity after coming in contact with an antibody; any substance that causes the body some type of harm, thus setting off this specific reaction.

Question 7

atrophy

Answer 7

a decrease in cell size, which leads to a decrease in the size of the tissue and organ

Question 8

autoimmunity

Answer 8

the state when the immune response attacks itself

Question 9

bariatrics

Answer 9

the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention and treatment of obesity

Question 10

benign

Answer 10

having limited growth, noncancerous

Question 11

Body mass index (BMI)

Answer 11

a measurement obtained by dividing the individual’s weight in pounds by his or her height in inches. A BMI scale uses these figures to determine levels of obesity

Question 12

Cachexia

Answer 12

a term used to describe any individual who has an ill, thin, wasted appearance

Question 13

cancer

Answer 13

any malignant tumor

Question 14

congenital

Answer 14

present at birth; usually concerning a congenital anomaly or an abnormality present at birth

Question 15

degenerative

Answer 15

diseases related to aging, or destruction of tissue, functions, and use.

Question 16

Dysplasia

Answer 16

an alteration in size, shape, and organization of cells

Question 17

Encapsulated

Answer 17

enclosed in a capsule; term used to describe benign tumors

Question 18

Enternal

Answer 18

relating to the small intestine

Question 19

Gangrene

Answer 19

a condition occurring when saprophytic (dead tissue-loving) bacteria become involved in necrotic tissue; loss of blood supply causes body tissue to die.

Question 20

hyperplasias

Answer 20

an increase in cell number; overgrowth in response to some type of stimulus

Question 21

hypertrophy

Answer 21

an increase in the size of the cell, leading to an increase in tissue and organ size.

Question 22

Hypoxia

Answer 22

not enough oxygen in tissues

Question 23

immunodeficiency

Answer 23

the state when the immune response is unable to defend the body due to a decrease or absence of leukocytes, primarily lymphocytes

Question 24

Infarct

Answer 24

necrosis of cells or tissues due to ischemia

Question 25

Infection

Answer 25

invasion of microorganisms into the tissue, causing cell or tissue injury, thus leading to the inflammatory response

Question 26

Inflammation

Answer 26

a basic pathologic process of cytologic and chemical reactions that occur in the blood vessels and tissues in response to an injury or irritation; a protective immune response that is triggered by any type of injury or irritant

Question 27

Ischemia

Answer 27

hypoxia of cells or tissues caused by decreased blood flow

Question 28

malignant

Answer 28

deadly or progressing to death; cancerous

Question 29

metaplasia

Answer 29

a cellular adaptation in which the cell changes to another type of cell

Question 30

metastasize

Answer 30

to move or spread

Question 31

metastatic

Answer 31

spreads from a site of origin to a secondary site in the body

Question 32

morbidity

Answer 32

the state of being diseased

Question 33

Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVAs)

Answer 33

any accident where a motorized vehicle is involved; common motorized vehicle includes a bus, van, car, truck, all terrain vehicle, recreational vehicle and motorcycle.

Question 34

necrosis

Answer 34

cellular death

Question 35

neoplasia

Answer 35

the development of a new type of cell with an uncontrolled growth pattern

Question 36

neoplasms

Answer 36

an increase in cell number, leading to an increase in tissue size; commonly called tumors

Question 37

oncology

Answer 37

the study of tumors

Question 38

organ rejection

Answer 38

the process in which the bodys immune system recognizes an organ (after a transplant) as foreign and attacks it, leading to organ death

Question 39

parenteral

Answer 39

a delivery route for fluid for (hydration, nutrition or medications) that includes subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous administration

Question 40

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)

Answer 40

intravenously giving a special solution that meets the total nutritional needs of the individual

Question 41

trauma

Answer 41

a physical or mental injury

Question 42

triage

Answer 42

the prioritizing of care; identifying level of medical care needed based on severity of injury

Question 43

CDC

Answer 43

control of disease center