Chapter 2 Vocabulary

Question 1

Body

Answer 1

whole, living individual; sum of all cells, tissues, organs, and systems working together to sustain life

Question 2

Cell

Answer 2

basic unit of all living things; all tissues and organs in body are composed of cells; they perform survival functions such as reproduction, respiration, metabolism, and excretion; some cells are able to carry on specialized functions, such as contraction by muscle cells, and electrical impulse transmission by nerve cells

Question 3

Organs

Answer 3

group of different types of tissue coming together to perform special functions

Question 4

Tissues

Answer 4

formed when cells of same type are grouped to perform one activity

Question 5

Systems

Answer 5

several organs working in compatible manner to perform complex function or functions

Question 6

Cell Membrane

Answer 6

outermost boundary of the cell

Question 7

Cytology

Answer 7

study of cell

Question 8

Cytoplasm

Answer 8

watery internal environment of a cell

Question 9

Nucleus

Answer 9

organelle of cell that contains DNA

Question 9

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 9

found throughout the body and is composed of close-packed cells that form the covering for and lining of body structures

Question 10

Histology

Answer 10

study of tissue

Question 11

Muscle Tissue

Answer 11

produces movement in the body through contraction, or shortening in length, thereby producing movement; muscle tissue may be under voluntary control or involuntary control

Question 12

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 12

involuntary muscle found in heart

Question 13

Smooth Muscle

Answer 13

involuntary muscle found in internal organs such as digestive organs or blood vessels

Question 14

Muscle Fibers

Answer 14

bundles of muscle tissue that form muscle

Question 15

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 15

voluntary muscle attached to bones by tendon

Question 16

Connective Tissue

Answer 16

the supporting and protecting tissue in the body structures

Question 17

Adipose

Answer 17

provides protective padding around body structures

Question 18

Bone

Answer 18

provides structural support for the whole body

Question 19

Cartilage

Answer 19

the shock absorber in joints

Question 20

Tendons

Answer 20

tightly connect skeletal muscles to bones

Question 21

Nervous Tissue

Answer 21

conducts electrical impulses to and from the brain

Question 23

Neurons

Answer 23

name for individual nerve cell

Question 24

Brain

Answer 24

one of the largest organs in body and coordinates most body activities; is center for all thought, memory, judgment, and emotion; each part of brain is responsible for controlling different body functions, such as temperature regulation and breathing; four sections to brain are cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, and brain stem

Question 25

Spinal Cord

Answer 25

spinal cord provides pathway for impulses traveling to and from brain; column of nerve fibers that extends from medulla oblongata of brain down to level of second lumbar vertebra

Question 26

Nerves

Answer 26

structures in nervous system that conduct electrical impulses from brain and spinal cord to muscles and other organs