Chapter 2 - Vocal

Question 1

Formal Standard

Answer 1

A standard developed by an official industry or government body.

Question 2

De Facto Standard

Answer 2

Unofficial standards that emerge in the marketplace.

Question 3

Standardization Process

Answer 3

The formal process by which standards are developed. Made up of 3 stages; 1). Specification Stage. 2). Identification of choices Stage. 3). Acceptance stage.

Question 4

Standardization Process Step 1

Answer 4

Specification Stage consists of developing the nomenclature and identifying problems.

Question 5

Standardization Process Step 2

Answer 5

Identification of Choices Stage consists of identifying the various solutions and choosing the the optimum solution from among the alternatives.

Question 6

Standardization Process Step 3

Answer 6

Acceptance Stage is the most difficult, it consists of defining the solution and getting recognized industry leaders to agree on a single, uniform solution.

Question 7

Request for Comment (RFC)

Answer 7

The documents in which formal standards are developed and published.

Question 8

Encapsulation (!!!)

Answer 8

The process by which header and trailer information is appended to a data packet as it passes from computer to computer over a network. It helps the receiving computer understand how to process the information.

Question 9

Header (!!!)

Answer 9

The set of information that is added to the beginning of a data packet layer. Describes the packet, including the source and destination computers and something about what is contained.

Question 10

Trailer (!!!)

Answer 10

Information that is added to the end of a data packet. Identifies the end of the packet, includes data that helps identify transmission errors when they occur.

Question 11

Decapsulation (!!!)

Answer 11

The process by which the header and trailer information is stripped from a data packet.

Question 12

Vertical Relationship

Answer 12

Communication from one layer to the layer above or below on the same device.

Question 13

Horizontal Relationship

Answer 13

Communication from one device to another on the same layer. This is known as Peer Layer Communication.

Question 14

Peer layer Communication

Answer 14

Another name for horizontal relationships.

Question 15

Application Layer

Answer 15

The network layer that houses the applications that allow users to access the network.

Question 16

What are the 5 categories of services that are very common to most Internet and network users.

Answer 16

1) . Files Services
2) . E-mail Services
3) . Network printing services
4) . Application services
5) . Database services

Question 17

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

Answer 17

A communication protocol used to define how e-mail is sent and received.

Question 18

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Answer 18

A linking protocol that is used for accessing web pages over the internet.

Question 19

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

Answer 19

A transmission protocol used for sending files.

Question 20

Presentation layer

Answer 20

The network layer that makes data viewable by the user.
It has 3 main jobs.
1).Data Presentation
2).Data Compression
3).Data Encryption

Question 21

Data Presentation (Presentation)

Answer 21

Formatting data so that is viewable by the recipient.

Question 22

Data Compression (Presentation)

Answer 22

Resizing the data to speed transmission.

Question 23

Data Encryption (Presentation)

Answer 23

Making data unreadable by unintended recipients.

Question 24

Session Layer

Answer 24

The network layer that controls the communication between computers. Responsible for initiating, maintaining, and terminating each logical session. Also handles dialog control and dialog separation.

Question 25

Session initiation

Answer 25

The process that sets up the parameters of the connection between computers.

Question 26

Session termination

Answer 26

The process that closes down the connection between computers.

Question 27

Session accounting

Answer 27

The process that handles billing for sessions.

Question 28

Dialog Control (session)

Answer 28

The service responsible for determining which computer is sending and which is receiving at any given time throughout the session.

Question 29

Simplex, Half Duplex, Full duplex (session)(dialog control)

Answer 29

1) . Simplex - One way communication 2) . Half Duplex - Both way communication one at a time. 3) . Full Duplex - Both ways at the same time.

Question 30

Data Seperation (session)

Answer 30

The process of bookmarking packets to allow for sessions to be recovered.

Question 31

Transport Layer

Answer 31

The network layer responsible for moving data, ensuring that is received without errors. Deals with end-to-end issues. It establishes, maintains, and terminates logical connections for data transfer between the original sender and the final destination.

Question 32

Flow Control (Transport)

Answer 32

The process that limits the number of transmissions sent at one time to avoid overloading the receiving device.

Question 33

Connection-oriented transmissions (Transport)

Answer 33

Transmissions that require a acknowledgement of receipt from the receiving computer. Features: 1) . Reliability 2) . Relatively slower communication 3) . Packets are resent if a packet is unrecognizable or is not received.

Question 34

Ack (Transport)

Answer 34

Acknowledgement message sent by the receiving computer in a connection-oriented transmission.

Question 35

Reliable Transport Method (Transport)

Answer 35

A transmission that ensures that the error-free receipt of packets.

Question 36

Connectionless transmissions (Transport)

Answer 36

Transmissions in which no response form the receiver is required. Features: 1) . Little or no reliability 2) . Faster Transmission 3) . Packets are not retransmitted (because transmission errors are not detected)

Question 37

Network Layer

Answer 37

The layer that handles the routing of packets from one computer to another. These packets are also known as datagrams.

Question 38

Datagrams (Network)

Answer 38

Another name for the packets of data that are moved around the network.

Question 39

Routing (Network)

Answer 39

The process of determining the path required to deliver packets to their destination. Uses the LOGICAL address. Can be handled in 2 basic ways: 1). Source Routing - Info included in packet 2). Hop, Routing Table - Each router chooses the best next step.

Question 40

Physical Address (Network)

Answer 40

The unique identifier of the network card attached to a computer.

Question 41

Logical Address (Network)

Answer 41

The unique network identifier assigned to a computer. Used for routing purposes.

Question 42

Source Routing (Network)

Answer 42

A routing technique in which the routing information is included in the packet being routed.

Question 43

Hop (Network)

Answer 43

The intervening routers in a path of routers through a network.

Question 44

Routing Table (Network)

Answer 44

An internal table that routers use to determine the best path to send a packet to its destination.

Question 45

Routing Protocol (Network)

Answer 45

The protocol used by routers to define how the routing path is chosen.