Chapter 2 Week 2

Question 1

Obligate aerobes

Answer 1

Need O2

Question 2

Obligate anaerobes

Answer 2

No O2

Question 3

Microaerophile

Answer 3

Low O2

Question 4

Facultative anaerobes

Answer 4

O2 & no O2

Question 5

BacterioCIDAL agents

Answer 5

Kill bacteria (chemical or physical means)

Question 6

BacterioSTATIC agents

Answer 6

Prevent growth without killing them (through adding/removing oxygen or changing pH)

Question 7

Antibiotics

Answer 7

Treat bacterial diseases -can result in inhibiting growth or in killing the cells, depending on the bacterium, and the antibiotic used.

Question 8

Penicillins

Answer 8

Interfere with metabolic activity of bacteria

Question 9

Proteases

Answer 9

Enzymes released into the environment that break down proteins into amino acids that can enter the cell.

Bacteria must synthesize all of the macromolecules of protein, polysaccharide’s, lipids, and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) needed to grow.

Question 10

Acidogenic

Answer 10

Bacteria that produce acids during growth

Question 11

Aciduric

Answer 11

Bacteria that survive and grow in an acidic environment ex: dental plaque in the mouth, causing tooth decay went oral cavity becomes acidic.

Question 12

THERMOphiles

Answer 12

Hot temps (best at 56°C)

Question 13

MESOphiles

Answer 13

Body temperature (best at 37°C, range from 22°C to 45°C)

Question 14

PHYCHROphiles

Answer 14

Refrigerator temperature (best at 7°C, range from 1°C to 22°C)

Question 15

Binary fission

Answer 15

2 Identical daughter cells (asexual)

*how bacteria reproduces

Question 16

Gram-positive

Answer 16

(Blue/purple) cell walls = THICK

Question 17

Gram-negative

Answer 17

(Pink/red) cell walls = THIN

Question 18

Protozoa

Answer 18

LARGEST microorganism
Found more in the developing parts of the world
Ex: malaria (spreads through insects)

Question 19

Viruses

Answer 19

-NOT a “cell” either DNA or RNA in a capsid
-MUST have HOST to survive
-no cure when in body (try to prevent through immunization & infection control)
-outside body = kill with heat and chemicals
-Common in Dental = herpes simplex (cold sores)
-Blood-borne = hep B
-Influenza

Question 20

Transmission of viruses

Answer 20

1) droplets (Ex: sneezing)
2) direct transfer (Ex: touching)
3) contaminated food or water
4) Insects

Question 21

Cell morphology

Answer 21

1) Cocci (singular coccus) = spherical shape
2) Bacilli (singular bacillus) = rod shaped
3) spirilla or spirochetes (singular spirillum) = spiral shape

Question 22

Prokaryotes cells

Answer 22

Primitive cells
No internal membrane
No nucleus
Ex: bacteria

Question 23

Eukaryote cells

Answer 23

Complex cells
With internal membranes
Have a nucleus
Ex: Protozoa, algae, fungi, plants, and animals.

Question 24

Bacteria

Answer 24

Makes up a large group of one celled mo’s
Vary in size shape, and arrangement of cells ; grows best at 98.6 Fahrenheit in moist, dark environment.

Question 25

Viruses

Answer 25

Small in size and cause fatal diseases; this MO can live and multiply only inside an appropriate host cell

Question 26

Algae

Answer 26

Range from single celled to larger multiple celled Organisms that are known as seaweed and kelp ; most of these emojis do not produce human disease

Question 27

Protozoa

Answer 27

Large group of one celled organisms; do not have a rigid cell wall; found in freshwater, marine habitat, and moist soil; small number, are responsible for intestinal infections of humans and others invade the blood, lungs, liver, or brain.

Question 28

Fungi

Answer 28

Mushrooms, yeast and mold; oral candidiasis is a common form of this group of mo’s found in the dental office.

Question 29

Putting on PPE

Answer 29

1) protective clothing (scrubs lab coats) 2) protective eyewear 3) mask 4) gloves

Question 30

Removing PPE

Answer 30

1) gloves 2) protective eyewear 3) mask